Indias Socio Economic Scenario Health And Social Care Essay

Equally far as India ‘s socio-economic scenario is concerned, four socio-economic scenarios were developed for India, in line with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change counsel, for usage with the clime scenarios and for input to the mold of clime impacts on different sectors ( International Institute for Population Sciences & A ; ORC Macro 2001 ) . The socio-economic scenarios for India are consistent with national growing programs in the short and average term. Policy way and societal values are the two dimensions on which the socio-economic model of India is based on. In which, policy orientation can be either inward looking or globally incorporate and societal values focus on either economic growing or environmental consciousness. Mahal, A. , J. Singh ( 2000 ) further explains it stating ‘the alternate waies along the policy axis correspond to India ‘s degree of integrating on planetary policy issues and models for back uping development. Quadrants I and II reflect a more inward-looking attack to planetary policies and pacts, coupled with bid and control-style policies for ordinance at a domestic degree. Quadrants III and IV reflect stronger integrating with the planetary community, and a displacement towards market-based mechanisms as a footing for ordinance and economic growing. The societal values axis reflects the scope of possibilities from a pure focal point on economic growing, to emphasis on environmental and societal protection. Quadrants I and III correspond to activities that promote economic and industrial development, along with stronger engagement by the private sector in traditionally public sector activities. Quadrants II and IV, by contrast, reflect societal values that place a higher concern for societal and environmental issues above economic growing ‘ . However, S.C. Tiwari, Aditya Kumar and Ambrish Kumar ( 2004 ) stated that the normally used available graduated tables for measuring of socio-economic position ( SES ) with some cross regional pertinence are old and have lost their relevancy. There is a demand for the development of a valid and dependable instrument for measuring of SES in rural and urban communities in India. On appropriate and executable steps, the socio-economic position is assessed on the inactive and dynamic status of physical infrastructure- by the Numberss of paramedical, technician and medical staff employed, every bit good as figures for attending and gender dislocation ; by the supply, quality and scope of drugs ; by handiness and use of decentralized unfastened and care support of centres ; and by existent handiness of research lab, diagnostic and service facilities- in relation to the patient satisfaction ( Kaveri Gill 2009 ) . In Indian conditions the rural wellness attention has been put steadfastly on the docket and is on the right path with the institutional alterations it has wrought within the wellness system. Health is a cosmopolitan human demand for all cultural groups. General wellness can non be attained or maintained without unwritten wellness. The oral cavity is regarded as the mirror of the organic structure and the gate manner of good wellness ( Navneet Grewal and Manpreeth Kaur 2007 ) . The influences of the urbanisation and the modern nutrient wonts have surely made the Indian population at par with the universe population, but still Mayer. MP, De Paiva Buishchi and Oliveira LB ( 2003 ) claimed that the unwritten hygienic patterns of the Indian Population have non changed much with the altering times and tendencies. Where as, the universe population is more cognizant of the regular visit to the tooth doctor, chiefly, because it was initiated by the parents of the kids or, even by, the tooth doctors themselves. Such an from the portion of the parents is losing among the people of India, and a thought arousing action from the dental practicians or professionals is yet to take topog raphic point. Oral wellness position in India is traditionally evaluated utilizing clinical indices. There is turning involvement to cognize how subjective steps relate to results of unwritten wellness ( Jamil David, Anne M Astrome and Nina J Wang 2006 ) . Several subjective unwritten wellness indexs have been developed to measure functional, societal and psychological unwritten wellness results runing from individual point planetary indexs, such as satisfaction with unwritten wellness and satisfaction with visual aspect of dentitions, to complex stock lists and hiting systems ( Skaret E, Astrom AN and Haugejorden O 2004 ) . In the societal conditions of India minimal significance is given to the visual aspect factor in the rural conservative communities. Even so, since long clip, assorted types of unwritten wellness care stuffs have been used and infinite Numberss of dental wellness information plans have been conducted in schools and other scenes ( Kagami. N, Maki. Y and Takaesu. Y 1997 ) . Here Kagami. et. Al is speaking about a universe phenomena that has been progressively found in the universe population. This is where in footings of unwritten wellness wonts and modus operandis Indian mass should hold taken much involvement in at that place bettering socio economic position. The importance of measuring the socio economic position was put away by Whiteside, K. and Woolcock, M. ( 2004 ) , stating, ‘Socio-economic position is one of the most of import variables in societal scientific discipline studies/researches. It plays a important function in planning and executing of developmental plans and, hence, there is a demand for the development of a valid and dependable instrument for the measuring of SES. Socio-economic position of a household would intend the ranking of the household in the surroundings to which the household belongs, in regard of defined variables namely, physical assets, economic position, instruction, business, societal place, societal engagement, caste, musculus power, political influence, etc. Some elements of the above variables have a inclination to travel together ‘ .Socio economic inequalities in the usage of unwritten wellness attention services in IndiaIndia is the 2nd largest thickly settled state in the universe, with a population of more than one billion in 2001. Socioeconomic, demographic and wellness indexs are demoing a really hapless status of the general population. It has been observed that people of lower socioeconomic position frequently do non avail the bing generative wellness attention services, peculiarly unwritten wellness attention service. Both socioeconomic and demographic factors, nevertheless, have been shown to hold a peculiarly great influence on usage of wellness attention services ( Bhatia J and Cleland J. 1995 ) . Higher instruction degrees influence the usage of wellness services in many ways such as regular visit to the tooth doctor and so on, among the urban population of the society. Even so merely like in many southeasterly civilizations the ( Goodburn EA, Gazi R, & A ; Chowdhury M. 1995 ) the usage of preventative wellness services even in the field of unwritten wellness service is perceived to be bing entirely on healing intents ( Poula G & A ; Stephenson R. 2001 ) . Measuring the socio economic position in relation to unwritten wellness factors is, in fact, a hunt from general wellness to wellbeing. Equally far as the assorted civilizations of India is concerned the unwritten wellness factor of Indian population include three major facets Such as: A ) Health System and Oral wellness services B ) Socio-economic and cultural hazard factors C ) Environmental hazard factors. It is of import to retrieve the fact that Indian community has been loosely divided into tribal, rural and urban societies ( Dr. Judith Macky and Dr. Michel Eriksen 1995 ) . The folk in India live in pronounced isolation. They have really typical civilization rites and accustomed hygienic activities and wellness attention. They are evidently considered to be socio-economically backward in many steps in the modern-day universe. The rural societies are village societies which are in fact based on agricultural economic system and are still really conservative to the past traditions . And the urban society is based on non-agricultural businesss such as industries, IT and so on. However the interaction between the different groups of the society to certain degree is made possible through many authorities organisational plans ( Lal S, Singh BM & A ; Punia MS.1997 ) . Traveling about with the intent of developing a dependable and valid instrument for mensurating the socio-economic position one has to get down the exercising of grouping the items/elements together with the aid of available experts ( Oral wellness workers and tooth doctors ) every bit good as available standard socio-economic position appraisal graduated tables. Socio-economic position of a household would intend the ranking of the household in the surroundings to which the household belongs, in regard of defined variables such as physical assets, economic position, instruction, business, societal place, societal engagement, caste, musculus power, political influence and so on. ‘Some elements of the above variables have a inclination to travel together ‘ ( Shirpurkar GRI. 1967 ) .Formulation of appraisal methodsAt initial phase, some known indexs of socio-economic position such as house, material ownership, instruction, business, income, land, caste and societal engageme nt were listed. The prepared list of socio-economic position indexs would be submitted to experts to analyse and notice on the relevance of those indexs in the present context ( Srivastava GP. 1978 ) . Then a profile should be geared up out of the elements approved by the expert, look intoing along with another factors in the profile is the unwritten wellness attention necks and plans with their scope of influence and credence by/in different communities and societies among the population. Therefore, the first bill of exchange will hold seven to eight profiles make up one's minding the socio-economic position. These profiles will be house profile, material ownership profile, instruction profile, business profile, economic profile, cultivated land profile, and societal profile and wellness attention service profile. The last profile can be divided into preventative and curableness steps. The disposal of these bill of exchanges among the people will give an accurate appraisal of the s ocio-economic position. After the disposal and re-administration the bill of exchanges needs to be send to the experts for the concluding analysis.Addressing the Validity of methods at big and among Indian PopulationThe graduated tables of measuring socio-economic position in every community are prone to alter due to the dynamism of human being. Most of the bing graduated tables seem to hold lost this ability to spot right indices are still in usage. The indicant here is mensurating the socio economic position harmonizing to the wellness and wellness attention issues of an person or a household. The chief short coming seems to be the perceptual experience of goodness and satisfaction people have about the wellness and wellness satisfaction is changed with clip and the methods need to be upgraded consequently. It is, hence, necessary that necessary inventiveness is brought to bear to develop appropriate graduated table for the measuring of socio-economic position ( Depleuch, F. , A. Cornu, P. Massamba, P. Trissac and B. Marie. 2002 ) Equally far as India is concerned most of import resource of the state is its 1027 million population ( 2001 nose count ) , distributed in 28 States, 7 Union Territories, 5564, tehsils/talukas, 640,000 small towns and 5161 towns and metropoliss ( Ashish Bose. 2001 ) . Oral wellness attention of necessity has to be delivered through primary wellness attention substructure, because of limited resources and manpower of tooth doctors. More than 70 % of the population is rural and merely about 30 % lives in urban countries of which more than half lives in slums. ‘Tertiary degree infirmaries, territory infirmaries, nursing places, private practicians and non governmental organisations provide wellness services. Besides these, municipal corporations besides provide services ; nevertheless, these services are ill organized. Urban ICDS undertakings provide services on geographical footing. Health policy 2002 envisages beef uping of urban wellness services. RCH urban undertakings have be en launched to increase the coverage of wellness services for vulnerable. Variable dental wellness services in urban countries are available-through public and private set up ‘ . ( Dr. Hari Parkash and Dr. Naseem Ahmed. 2001 ) . There is an pressing demand for an Oral Health Policy for the state as an built-in portion of the National Health Policy. The Indian diary of community medical specialty 2004 has proposed an Oral Health Care Program, which envisages three tined execution schemes of ; Oral Health Education, Preventive Program and Curative Service Program at assorted degrees of primary, secondary and third wellness attention bringing services. Oral wellness has been recognized as an built-in portion of general wellness. What people do with their lives and those of their kids affects their wellness, including unwritten wellness, far more than anything that authoritiess do. But what they can make is determined by their income and cognition based on their socio-economic pos ition. Over the old ages grounds based â€Å" Information † on unwritten wellness has accumulated in the state but this is mostly confined to dental clinics, infirmaries and a few schools. The challenge is to set the available information into pattern at every home/family and community. It is the information which can promote/improve the unwritten wellness of 1000000s of immature kids, school kids, striplings and grownups as besides pregnant adult females and aged people, provided it gets communicated. Therefore, the biggest challenge before us is to accept the challenge of communicating of â€Å" facts for unwritten wellness † to all ; in rural, urban and tribal and distant countries. ‘Hygiene is embedded in Indian civilization and it is the manner of life. Let us advance autochthonal clip tested patterns, of rinsing oral cavity with apparent H2O after each repast, rub downing gums and dentitions and cleaning oral cavity with finger after each repast, advancing traditional diets, brushing of dentitions, avoiding smoke, masticating pans and baccy in assorted signifiers ‘ ( Bali RK, Mathur VB, Tewari A and Jayna P. 1994 ) . Much will depend upon local attempts, as to how the instructors are trained and what responsibilities they take up on regular and sustained footing? Students follow what the instructors do and state and the instructors are considered as good function theoretical accounts to convey values of life and ways of life in the school as besides outside the school. Regularly one hr is devoted in each school for socially utile and productive work and that hr can be used for larning right brushing technique and rinsing the unwritten pit with safe H2O, as besides rinsing of custodies and film editing of nails. In our experience, whenever instructors brushed their dentitions, pupils followed and it became a everyday exercising of day-to-day brushing of dentitions in guided mode. Determining ways of life and personality developme nt of school kids during simple instruction is the cardinal duty of school instructors and parents as besides the community. Mid twenty-four hours meal plan activities can be used as spring board to develop other behaviours such as lavation of custodies and rinse of unwritten pit after each repast, eating balanced diets, imbibing clean H2O and eating clean nutrient. School kids can be used as embassadors of wellness messages to their places and vicinity and can move as alteration agents. Child to child plan in the school or out of school is yet another attack to construct healthy life manners. Whatever chapters are contained in the school course of study these need to be translated into seeable actions through unrecorded presentation. Students need to be demonstrated rinsing and oral cavity wash after repast, demo them the content of oral cavity wash and allow them respond and take part in treatment and range to decision ( Gupta SC & A ; Kapoor VK. 2002 ) .

Blue Cross Essay

The Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association is a  well established family  of health benefits companies providing health services for 100 million Americans. Blue Cross insured approximately 12,300 active groups as of October 1, 2005. The groups had a total of 47,000 enrolled subscribers and 92,000 members. This contrasts with 13,800 groups as of January 1, 2003, with 58,000 subscribers and 115,000 total members. Nationwide, more than 96% of hospitals and 91% of professional providers contract with Blue Cross company — more than any other insurer.Blue Cross offers a variety of insurance products to all segments of the population, including large employer groups, small business and individuals. The Blues currently serve 85% of Fortune 100 companies and 76% of Fortune 500 companies. Moreover, the Blues have enrolled more than half of all U. S. federal workers, retirees and their families, making the Federal Employee Program the largest single health plan group in the world. Th e Blue Cross and Blue Shield companies enroll in the Federal Employee Program (FEP) — the largest privately underwritten health insurance contract in the world — more than 5. million federal government employees, dependents and retirees. Blue Cross company established the appropriate operating mode according to the special needs of the local community, brings high-quality, affordable health care services to the American public, including low-income people, the elderly and urban residents. The applications will involve patients, doctors, businesses, medical education and research institutions and government decision-making bodies, and many departments.

Sports as a Tool of Integration

INTRODUCTION What is sport? According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. The meaning of â€Å"sport† is , activity that you do for pleasure and that needs physical effort or skill, usually done in a special area and according to fixed rules. Through Wikipedia, sport is all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical fitness and provide entertainment to participants. Sport may be competitive, where a winner or winners can be identified by objective means, and may require a degree of skill, especially at higher levels. Hundreds of sports exist, including those for a single participant, through to those with hundreds of simultaneous participants, either in teams or competing as individuals. Some non-physical activities, such as board games and card games are sometimes referred to as sports, but a sport is generally recognised as being based in physical athleticism. What is integration? According the same Dictionary , the meaning of â€Å"integration† is, the act or process of combining two or more things so that they work together (=of integrating them) . Internet shows â€Å"Integration† (from the Latin integer, meaning whole or entire) generally means combining parts so that they work together or form a whole. * It is an act or instance of combining into an integral whole. * It is an act or instance of integrating a racial, religious, or ethnic group. * It is an act or instance of integrating an organization, place of business, school, etc. SPORTS as a tool of INTEGRATION More than just being about discipline and confidence, games bring the people together regardless of their background. SPORTS are all forms of physical activities that contribute to fitness, mental well-being and social interaction. They include play, recreation, organised casual or competitive sports as well as indigenous sports and games. By their very nature, sports essentially denote participation. They are about inclusion and citizenship. Sports activities bring individuals and communities together, highlighting commonalities and bridging cultural or ethnic divides. The easy and inherent ability of sports to bring people ogether make them a powerful communication tool. Sports provide a forum to learn skills such as discipline, confidence and leadership and core principles such as acceptance, cooperation and respect. Sports expound the value of effort and how to manage victory as well as defeat. The fundamental elements of sports make them a viable and practical tool to support the achievement of nation development. Taking part in activities will also help reduce the likelihood of many diseases a rising from a sedentary and inactive lifestyle. Sports programmes are effective tools for social mobilisation, supporting health activities and they can provide employment and contribute to local development. They encourage volunteerism and can be utilised to spearhead non-governmental changes and transformation initiatives. Sports can cut across barriers that divide societies, making them a powerful tool to support conflict prevention and peace-building efforts. When applied effectively, sports programmes promote social integration and foster tolerance, help reduce tension and generate dialogue. The concept of â€Å"Sports for All† is central to the understanding of sports. This concept aims to maximise access to and participation in appropriate forms of physical activities. Emphasis is placed on participation and accessibility for all groups in society regardless of gender, age, ability or race. Many of the core values inherent in sports are compatible with the principles necessary for development and peace, such as fair play, cooperation, sharing and respect. The life skills learned through sports help empower individuals and enhance psycho-social well-being such as increased resilience, self-esteem and connection with others. These features of sports are beneficial to people of all ages but they are especially vital to the healthy development of young people who will inherit positions of power and responsibility in government organisations. Sports are valuable tools to initiate social development and improve social cohesion, especially when implemented among young people. When social and personal skills are combined, sports can be an effective medium to intervene in a person’s ability to decide whether to abuse or not abuse drugs. This is especially true when elements of sports are combined with mechanisms and structures providing drug-related information and life-skills training. Sports can tackle causes of juvenile crime by helping youths make positive connections with adults and their peers, by integrating them into constructive activities within society and by providing useful activities. Besides , sports can be an effective tool for empowering girls and women, given that they are often excluded from participation and from enjoying its physical and psycho-social benefits. By directly challenging and dispelling misperception about women’s capabilities, integrated sports programmes help to reduce discrimination and widen women’s role. Last but not least , sports can integrate persons with disabilities into society, providing an arena for positive social interaction, reducing isolation and breaking down prejudices. Sports programmes for the disabled are also cost-effective methods of rehabilitation. They are highly therapeutic, improving motor skills and increasing mobility, self-sufficiency and self-confidence. The benefits are indeed tremendous and ideally sports can extend to previously unchartered territories of endeavours and manage human conflicts. Sports will continue to serve human development. What is â€Å"SPORT FOR ALL/ELITISM† The twin concepts of Sport for all (where everyone is encouraged and has the opportunity to take part in the sport of their choice, irrespective of any social or cultural differences such as wealth, gender or age) and Sporting excellence (where the very best performers are given additional support so that they may reach international success) can effectively be shown in the framework of a performance pyramid. There are four level: At foundation level – young children are introduced to sport and learn basic movement skills and a positive attitude to physical activity through a wide variety of activities, possibly through their schools pe programme. At participation level – youngsters choose to take part in selected activities for enjoyment and friendships, as well as for health and fitness. This may be through extra-curricular school activities, local centres and clubs. At performance level – participants are committed to performing in formally organised activities at higher club and regional levels. They are keen to improve their standard, train regularly and receive coaching. At excellence level – elite performers represent their country in national and international competition. They will be fully committed to their sport, and will, in some cases, train full time and receive financial, administrative, medical and personal support. The Sport for All campaign was launched in the UK in 1972 by the Sports Council. The Sports Council was, and remains, the catalyst and throughout, the on-going campaign has encouraged partners and organisations to join the campaign. In this way governing bodies of sport, local authorities through their leisure and amenity committees, local sports councils, sports centres and clubs have joined to promote what they have to offer. Aims: * Increase the rate of participation. * Improve performance at all levels. * Establish and reinforce the principle that the provision of opportunity to participate in sport and physical recreation is a social service. * Promote the concept that regular physical activity is beneficial to health. * To improve the quality of life. Objectives: The promotion of sport within target groups of non-participants. * The promotion of excellence in support of the governing bodies of sport. * Targeting inner city and areas of social deprivation. * Attracting sponsorship and financial investment in sport. * The reduction of coronary heart disease. * Opening up of natural resources, such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, countryside, coastal areas, hills and mountains for recreational use. Sport in Oly mpics (example) Sports have been bringing people from all over the world together since the first Olympics in Greece many years ago. Sports bring people a since of accomplishment but more importantly, unity. When playing a sport, whether it is with multiple people or by yourself, you have to be able to communicate with team members and coaches. If you are playing the sport by yourself, chances are you have a coach there at your side somewhere. Communication is extremely important when it comes to unity. It allows you to tell your other players or coach what is going on in a particular game situation in order to play as the game well. In a team setting, you know your team is unified when there is trust on the field or court. You have to be able to trust your teammate will make the important catch to get you the first down or trust in your teammate to score the winning basket to win the championship. Sometimes you get the important super star on your team yet your team cannot win. It is because his/her players cannot communicate with him/her and therefore they cannot trust him. This team lost the game before they ever started because without trust talent means nothing. Trust brings unity and is the key to winning games. Additionally, sports have created unity amongst small towns, big cities, and nations all over the world. When certain events such as the Olympics or the World Cup are played people will gather at the event, in a bar or at a friend’s house draped in their nation’s flag or wearing their favorite team’s colors. Without unity sports wouldn’t be any fun and no one would play them. Conclusion In conclusion, the information above show sports as a tool of integration. There are many of examples proved sports bring unity. For example, Olympics or the World Cup games are well-known events in the world which have the same the A. G. O (Aims, Goals, Objectives) are to unite the human all around the world. Besides that, the â€Å"Sport for All† campaign is also a big well-known event in the world. It promotes sport for all the human being to participate sport. Throughout this event, human from all around the world can gather together to play games or sports. As a result, integration of human formed indirectly. In Malaysia, sports have a function as a tool of integration too. The held of SUKMA( SUKAN MALAYSIA) and MSSM (MAJLIS SUKAN-SUKAN SEKOLAH MALAYSIA). These two national sports events bring all the Malaysian together to enjoy the event and to play the games together without looking at the races and religion.

Movie Review on Crash

The movie started with Don Cheadle, who played a Los Angeles detective, commenting about how people interact with each other. He said that the act of touching is prevented by the existence of artificial elements such as metal and glass. Because of this, people have the tendency to crash with one another in order to feel each other. This thought provoking line summarizes the entire plot of the movie which revolved around racism and stereotyping. The term â€Å"crash† described the many conflicting events among the main characters that transpired in the movie. It defined the multifaceted relationships of people from different cultural backgrounds, colors of the skin and socio-economic status. There were many concepts in the movie that emphasized differences in race and gender that manifested the following power, discrimination, hate crime, racism, wealth, sexual harassment, ethnicity, minority, prejudice, stereotype, segregation, pluralism, assimilation, scapegoat, crime against property and gender stratification. Power was seen in the scene where the District Attorney played by Brendan Fraser got prioritized by the LAPD when his vehicle was stolen. He used his stature as a government official in order for the police force to immediately handle and resolve his case. Meanwhile, I saw a form of discrimination when Matt Dillon who played a white racist cop, called the hospital to inquire about the medical treatment needed by his father. Throughout their conversation, he was very unsatisfied so when he asked who was he talking to, the person at the other end of the line, gave a name that was a typical Black name and Dillon immediately assumed that the reason behind the unsatisfactory service was because he was dealing with a Black person. An example of hate crime was also depicted in the movie. When the Persian store owner assumed that the Hispanic locksmith was behind the damaging of his property because the locksmith looked like a typical gangster or criminal, he tried to kill him by shooting him in front of his home. Luckily, the locksmith was unharmed from the incident. In relation with this, prior to this incident, the Persian tried to buy a gun for him and his family's protection from an American-owned gun store. The American owner refused to sell a gun to the Persian because the owner associated the Persian with the Arab Muslims who were responsible for the 9/11 terrorist attack. This was a form of racism that showed intolerance for another social or racial group. On the other hand, wealth was evident with the characters of Bullock and Fraser who played a rich white couple while Howard and Newton's characters who were the well to do black couple. These characters symbolized that fame and fortune can be attained and enjoyed irregardless of the color of the skin. In another scene in the movie, I saw an act of sexual harassment between a black woman who was the victim and the white man who was the harasser. It is the scene where the character of Dillon pulled over a vehicle of a black couple and interrogated them. During the interrogation, Dillon physically searched the character of Newton who played the rich black wife of Terrence Howard, a big shot black producer. Dillon inappropriately touched the body of Newton which implied an unwelcome sexual advance. On another note, at the beginning of the movie, several cultural identities were presented. A black man, a Hispanic woman and an Asian woman were convened together in one place because of a car crash. This scene portrayed the fusion of different ethnic groups in one area wherein their different languages, beliefs and culture signifying the existence of various ethnicity in LA. However, multiculturalism also entails having minority groups. In the movie, Chinese illegal immigrants were being sold as slaves by Americans in downtown Los Angeles. This scene illustrated that the Chinese are still considered as a minority or a subordinate group in an American dominated city where they are deprived of their basic needs. Meanwhile, prejudice was seen when the character of Bullock clutched the arms of her husband upon seeing two African-American males walking on the same sidewalk as they are. Bullock's action showed her hasty judgment of the two blacks. She assumed that they were gangsters or robbers so she made a gesture seeking protection from her husband. In a similar scenario, Bullock stereotyped a Hispanic locksmith with a gangster because of his shaved head and tattoos. This is a form of stereotyping wherein one generalizes a specific concept to anyone who typifies that concept. Meanwhile, segregation is apparent in the scene where people of Mexican or Hispanic origin are usually typecast in blue collar jobs such as domestic works or construction. In the movie, the housekeeper of Bullock and Fraser was a Hispanic woman. Because of the housekeeper's nationality and the nature of her job, Bullock constantly looked down on the capability and intelligence of the Hispanic woman. Moreover, pluralism was shown by demonstrating Los Angeles as a pluralist city. LA was seen as a place where Black and White Americans, Asians and Hispanics have preserved their respective cultural identities amid the diversity. Meanwhile, Terrence Howard played the character of Cameron Thayer who was a successful black television producer. The TV industry was dominated by whites. Howard managed to be assimilated to the dominant group by succumbing to the demands and wants of the whites at the expense of disregarding his own wants and opinions. This is a clear example of cultural assimilation. Meanwhile, in the scene where Detective Graham Waters played by Don Cheadles was investigating a shooting scene between a black man and a white LAPD officer, he learned that the police officer was guilty of doing illegal activities. In order to preserve the good image and integrity of the LAPD, the black man was used as an scapegoat by pinpointing him as the instigator of the crime. On the other hand, crime against property was illustrated when the store of the Persian was thrashed. They were subjected to such offensive behavior because of their similar physical appearance with the Arabs who were highly discriminated in the U.S. because of the 9/11 attack. Last but not the least, gender stratification was demonstrated in the movie through the scene where the Persian woman was urging the American gun store owner to sell them a hand gun. Instead the owner verbally harassed the Persian woman indicating the status of women in a male-dominated society. Generally, women are perceived as sex objects or domesticated beings. References Cheadle, D., Haggis, P., Moresco, R., Schulman, C., & Yari, B. (Producers) & Haggis, P.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Director).(2004). Crash [Motion Picture]. U.S.A.: Lion Gate Films.

How Realistic Is Free Trade in the Real World? Essay

Nowadays, virtually almost every country in the world has once engaged in trade activities due to the obvious benefit it can bring. Besides, free trade activities are also being encouraged in all over the world. However, along with these benefits, free trade in fact brings plenty problems, especially for the developing countries. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of free trade in developing countries, and provide a pessimistic point of view in the global growth and development in the future. It is nothing but a simple activity that involves two or more countries engaging in the exchange of goods and services. Such exchanges of goods or services can be between two parties or several parties. Based on trade, people in many countries could have a great number of opportunities to select a wide range of products and services originated from every country around the world. Additionally, it improves not only the terms of trade but also the economic health of each country. Most academic economists agree and accept the obvious theory that trade benefits both parties involved in the transaction. Trade is a concept that exists largely due to the differences in the cost of production of some tradable commodity in the various locations (Zaidi, Kadiwala). Nevertheless, a few countries do not believe in the benefits of trade, they keep pursuing conservative policy and isolate itself from global integration such as North Korea. Along with Trade, there is another term which needs to be clarified: â€Å"Free Trade†. According to Athony Carter, Free trade refers to the right to sell goods and services around the world without any hindrance. With free trade the only thing determining the price of items will be  supply and demand factors. As well as goods and services, free trade can also refer to the ability of labor to move freely around the world. The main aim of free trade is to carry out development to improve the human welfare. With free trade, the production will have the lowest cost and the consumption will have the cheapest price. Hence, there are enormous benefits of free trade such as increase in economic growth, competitive advantage, economics of scale, etc. However, along with these benefits, free trade in fact brings plenty problems, especially for the developing countries (M. Suparmoko 2002). Although developing countries have become more integrated significantly into the trade world recently, their integration is still not in right directions, has failed to provide many of the expected benefits. Competing perspectives about the role and impact of trade in developing countries Admittedly, Free trade is an issue of great importance for those in business and consumers around the world. The issue of free trade is a highly contentious one, and both sides of the debate can provide persuasive arguments for their position (Anthony Carter). The existence of free trade around the world is hindered in many different ways. Most countries will have tariffs on at least some imports, and this tax can make these good less competitive. The usual reason why a government will impose this type of tax is that they want to protect local industry or dissuade people from purchasing certain products – the governments also use tariffs to raise funds. Of course there are also a lot of limitations on the free movement of labor (Anthony Carter). Fundamentally, there are three main schools of thought which will approve for the both sides of the debate; Neoclassical approach, Structuralists, and Dependency Theory. This essay will apply the three theories mentioned above in order to demonstrate the two arguments for and against Free trade in developing countries. While Neoclassical theory suggests that all free trade is eventually mutually beneficial to everyone welfare, Dependency Theory advocates argue that free trade is a destructive force and a threat to the Developing World or the Least Developed Countries. Structuralists make their position in the middle ground and acknowledge that while there are gains from free trade to be made for the Least Developed Countries and Developed Countries alike, free trade is potentially harmful to developing economies and needs to be managed appropriately (James Lawrie). Neoclassical Theory: Basically, Neoclassical principals can be traced back to the three models: Adam Smith’s Absolute advantage theory, David Ricardo’s theory of Comparative advantage and Hecksher-Ohlin model as well. Adam Smith explained that all trade is mutually beneficial through Absolute advantage and David Ricardo’s theory of Comparative Advantage. These ideas were effectively built upon by the Hecksher-Ohlin model. The H-O model explains how free trade between nations enhances a populations welfare by allowing a nation to employ its various factors of production (land, labour & capital), more effectively (James Lawrie). According to James Lawrie, The H-O model assumes that through the combination of specialization in the production process and free trade between nations, the participating nations can raise their consumption beyond their domestic Production Possibility Frontier, thus increasing the overall welfare of said nations populations. This happens due to the fact that specialization in goods that a nation has comparative advantage in means that this nation can produce them at a lower opportunity cost than that of its trading partners. According to Neoclassical theory, the LDC’s (least developing countries) should specialized labors intensive goods. Because these countries have high abundance of cheap labour more than other factors endowment. These countries can use labour intensive goods to exchange and traded capital intensives goods from developed countrie, typically Western nations. Both of two countries also mutually benefits from trade. In addition, another supporting argument of the H-O model, for LDC’s adopting free trade, is the predicted effects of Factor Price Equalisation. The costs of the abundant factor within a nation should rise as demand for this factor increases. As a result, the wages for workers will gradually rise, eventually leading to domestic and international equality. H-O model such as the tool to help LDCs to apply export orientated industrialisation (EOI) as a means for development (James Lawrie). Nevertheless, in practice, H-O model has neglected several crucial factors, such as: improved resource allocation† due to the price mechanism, â€Å"access to better technologies, inputs and intermediate goods†, â€Å"economies of scale and scope† and â€Å"greater domestic competition† as benefits of a free and open market place. 2. Dependency Theory In contrast with the Neoclassical theory, Dependency Theory provide a number of convincing arguments against Free trade in developing countries. One bvious criticism is that Neoclassical theory has been built and developed almost entirely by Western economists who have a bias towards every problem from a western point of view. For instance, in the past, the British Empire and its colonies achieved growth through exporting, but the same conditions are not in common nowadays. As well as this, according to this theory, LDC’s and Developing countries do not have access to technological advance originated from Developed countries, typically, Western countries and United States of America. Take Cambodia as an illustration for this point of view, this country has a automobile-making industry, which means they can manufacture automobile; however, these cars are produced under old-fashioned technology. It represents the fact that, they can produce as many cars as they want, but these cars can not keep up to the latest advanced technology prevailing in the world. Besides, there are other several factors which can have negative impact on LDC’s and Devloping countries if they engage in free trade activities. For example, the Developed countries would also benefit from a greater deal of political and economic muscle when negotiating terms of trade (James Lewris). In addition, Dependency Theory finds free trade cause unequal exchange and uneven development, arguing that without extensive state support the dual economy will only widen. MNC’s are of particular concern to Dependency Theory for this reason as they repatriate the profits made by their activities in foreign countries – much like BP drilling for oil in the Niger Delta. Dependency Theory discovers a â€Å"trickle up effect†, which means, money flowing from poor countries to the richer Developed countries. Moreover, Dependency asserts that Developing nations has to suffer from environmental damage caused through such operations and workers from Developing countries endure a lowering of health and safety standards, whereby nations must lower regulations and standards to remain their competitive position (James Lewris). 3. Structuralists theory: After examining the two schools of thought mentioned above, this paper will deliver the last theory, which is considered to be developed in the middle of the two theories. It is not in favor of every benefit coming from free trade, but it is not against entire free trade. It suggests that import substitution industrialization (ISI) is the stepping stone simple manufactured goods; the next step is developed to export orientated industrialization (EOI). It believes that free trade is good but free trade needs to be processed and managed in a proper manner. IV- Why we might be pessimistic about the prospects for global growth and development in the future? According to Wenglert & Rosen (2000), the research shows that people tend to be more pessimistic from their views on the world status. Political and social instability, climate change, frequent financial crises, natural resources exhaustion, between countries and widening income inequalities are significantly serious problems that the world are facing. A number of academic researchers attempt to find out the causes of these concerns in order to establish the most effective solutions. However, the facts and figures originated in every study appear to be far from expectation. First of all, significant problems facing the world today are climate change and alternative energy. High speed of industrialization and urbanization has raised environmental pollution and the degradation of natural resources. Natural disasters are seen more often and more destructive with more floods, less rain due to global climate change which caused by environment pollution. According to World Resources Institutes, in 2000, the world emitted more than 9,000 million tons of CO2 but it is estimated to increase by 57% to over 14,000 million tons by 2025. Air pollution and greenhouse gas make global temperature changes to rise and ice cracking in North Pole together with sea-level rising are disappointing results of global warming. This graph will demonstrate the considerable rise in sea level from 1870 to 2010. Climate change has led to increasing natural disasters in many countries which have killed millions of people and caused huge amounts of economic losses for this decade: earthquake in China, Chile and the most recent case is in Japan, tsunami in Thailand, Indonesia and so on. Simultaneously, the current pattern of unsustainable use of natural resources has seriously threatened the growth prospects in the future. Price of energy products such as oil, gas, coal etc. ecomes higher and higher. It means industrial products, mainly from developed countries, more expensive and people in developing countries fail to afford. Besides, social issues have become increasingly complicated and resulted in a wide range of serious concerns for not only related countries but also the world as a whole. For instance, we should take into account hunger, poverty, health care, and education as major problems. In the twentieth century, the world population has grown drastically (from 1. 6 billion by 1950 to 6 billion by 2000). Most of the increase was in developing and poor countries, creating severe constraints on their growth and development because more people require more provision of primary goods and public services (World Bank, 2010b). Moreover, â€Å"poverty itself is a barrier to development† because of limited capacity of credit and insurance markets (Rodrik, 2009b). Additionally, poverty usually comes together with poor healthcare, limited access to education, widening inequalities of living standards and social, even political instability. Furthermore, economic and financial crisis happens more frequently, threatening global growth and development. Since the early 1990s, the world has witnessed a series of financial and economic crises such as in Thailand, Korea, Turkey, Argentina (Salvatore, International Economics), and most recently in the five high-income EU countries (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain) in 2010. The reason of the most recent fiscal crisis is attributed to the very high government deficits and debt levels (115% of GDP in Greece in 2009). Severely, the crisis has caused great volatility in global financial and commodity markets. The steep decline in stock markets worldwide have shown market nervousness concerning the uncertainty of developments in Europe. Fortunately, it is reported that developing countries have not been affected much by the crisis as they are still growing with great expansion of industrial production and trade. Lastly, failure of Doha Round is a clear evidence for pessimistic futures of global growth and development. Large countries attempt to persuade developing countries to open their economies but they still want to keep their own benefits and do not want to share their wealth. The conflict benefit between developing countries and developed countries made Doha round stopped. Doha agenda is ill – conceived from the start. V – Conclusion: In brief, the expected result of free trade is very good in theory, but in reality it can be a tragedy of the developing countries. Free trade or globalization can be possible if countries do not establish their overriding goal as protecting themselves, so in fact real free trade may be a myth. In ddition, with many risks and serious issues mentioned above, the global growth and development will encounter a slowdown process or even non-existence in the future if unexpected incidents take place continuously.

Caucasian chalk circle

The use Of the V effect is also effective in this scene with the use of the singer which avoids the emotion of realism, making the audience detached from the characters. The purpose of this scene is to show the misunderstanding between the characters which also draws our attention back on society today as the proletariat are being oppressed by the bourgeoisie still in the 21st century. We showed this in our performance when the children have practically no say in their own lives, for example Klan could not do painting because his dad wanted to him to go into the army.Non-verbal communication. As part of our exploration focused we on communicating to the audience just using our body language. Vocal awareness To help us explore our use of voice we looked at scene 3 where Shrugs wanted to save herself from being caught therefore she pretended the governors wife. In this scene she was trying to find herself and Michael a place to live but she couldn't unless she pretended she was a woman of a high class. To do this, I changed my accent into a posh British accent which would normally be used by typical rich women. My Persian shoes† was said n a much exaggerated manner. My tone of voice as high pitched and had a nasal tone. However when I got caught and when the women noticed I was a servant my tone of voice and my accent because I couldn't defend myself in another accent however in my own accent I could express myself very well.. Breech was trying to get a message across that you only had to be Of a higher class or authority to be able to save yourself in society. This also draws our attention to the conflict of social class in society and how it always has been and there hasn't been really much change.Characterization – Rosily laded the role of Shrugs in Scene 6 ‘The Chalk Circle' and created my character by visualizing how I thought my character would stand for example since Shrugs is a servant and a lower class her back would always be bent sho wing the audience that she is always working and also she is working class. However at this point when performed the scene and cradled Michael realized I felt emotionally attached to the character as I felt as if really was a mother who could lose her child.Therefore to prevent this attachment and to remind myself that I am a demonstrator of this character used a range of rehearsal techniques including swapping characters for example, I swapped characters with Klan when we saw that I was getting emotionally attached we did this by spinning around and Klan handing me over the stick showing I had now become a judge. Also to make sure I do not get attached to the character I made another person in my group fix me into Shrugs this meant that was not playing the character but only demonstrating.We did this for example, when Michael started molding my gestures into Shrugs for example I was always bent which showed my class and also how much work I have done since Shrugs is a servant. Soci al/ cultural ‘historical/ political context of Caucasian chalk circle The Caucasian Chalk Circle was written in 1944 it is a story that explores what happens when the law conflicts with justice and asks questions about who is right and wrong in complicated situations. Setting up the play, a Prologue introduces the idea that things should be given to those who will take care of them as two farms dispute ownership of valley.Once an agreement has been reached, the villagers put on a play to celebrate it. Breech's political beliefs and experiences were his motivation to try to change he world through drama. Through the theatre he created he made people realism the wrong doings of the society in which they lived. Firstly, we reflected Breech's views on social class equality in our performance when we decided to make the audience sit in a circle. The fact that everyone is sitting in one big circle with nobody being left out means we are being fair. â€Å"The Caucasian Chalk Circleà ¢â‚¬  has an epic structure.It is a collection so many events which, when put together, show a process taking place. Each particular incident focuses on socio-political lesson in society today. This prologue serves to each the audience that the wealthy are not always right that in fact, the poor should also have a say in the society. It serves to reinforce the point that every single individual should be treated equally. We showed this in the modern version of the prologue when the children were not allowed to hold their dream career as either their parents or siblings wanted them to do something else.A political context was showed when we based prologue in a modern day context set in Syria where ownership is an issue. Where children can't actually make their own decisions. This is because there is a war that as been in Syria for a very long time. Breech emphasized the past by putting the present into perspective as well. Seeing the present through the present meant that the audien ce could compare the past to the present to see the changes in the society. Visual Spatial and Aural elements of production would like to set my play in Syria.In Syria currently people do not have ownership of what they even own it could be linked to the play as since Shrugs did not have enough money she couldn't claim custody of Michael even though she was one that raised him. The above set is the last scene hen the circle was drawn for Michael to be pulled by Shrugs and the Governor's wife. This scene is important because the fate of Michael and Shrugs lied in the arms of the judge like mist people in Syria their fate lied in the arms of the authorities.I would use sounds of shootings and bombings reminding the audience that the play was set in Syria. Also to make it more realistic. However the audience would be able to view the back stage props and cleaning equipment which was influenced by Breech as he wanted to remind the audiences that they were only in a theatre and they had to make a hanger in society. Shrugs would be on the left side of the circle whereas the Governor's wife would be on the opposite, even though this Is what the script stated it also to avoid this two people from touching each other to avoid audience attachment.Response to practitioner Breech wanted his performances to be understood by everyone who came to watch which included the less educated. How we communicated this was by performing the stage directions from the Noble Child to ensure that the audience (year 8, younger than us ) understood the message we were trying o get across which was the upper were taking over society and having most power in society and Breech being communist wanted to make a change. realism the wrong doings of the society in which they lived.Breech's view is that the actor should not impersonate but narrate action of another person, as if quoting facial gesture and movement. This means Breech did not want the actor to play the character which obviously did not distance them but wanted them to only demonstrate it. We showed this in our plays when we got rid of every scene that was going cause the audience r the actor to get emotionally attached. For example, we swapped characters when there were scenes such as emotional breakdown for example when Simon left Crush at the riverside.Breech wanted to use Guests which the presentation of emotions through gestures. We showed this by using my body language when expressing the Governors wife showed this by lifting my shoulders and my nose up in the air just trying to show the influence of class and how much they do not appreciate the poor. Interpretation of a section of ‘The Caucasian Chalk Circle' Intended Impact of he section: This section was to highlight to the audience Grass's choice.The nature of the scene is to get the audience emotionally attached however Breech didn't Want this and therefore used the V-effect to stop them from getting attached, in order for the audience to be mo tivated to make a change in their situation. Setting: I would set this scene at the river so there is something to separate the actors and to distance the audience and therefore we used a white long cloth to emphasize to the audience that it is only a play to avoid them from being emotional. Suggested Rehearsal techniques: Reading stage directions -this accentuates the fact that they were only in a theatre.Swapping characters- when the scene reached where Shrugs had to make a decision between Michael and Simon you could tell that the audience would naturally get attached and therefore Breech in this case would swap characters. We did this by lifting the cloth and walking underneath it in slow motion. When I changed I introduced my character and repeated the line before the swap again. This was effective because it made the audience understand the fact that there has being a change of characters and also to mind them that they are still in the theatre.

Sounds Analyses in a Sports Event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sounds Analyses in a Sports Event - Essay Example Sounds Analyses in a Sports Event It is said that one way music can be interpreted is through the listener’s â€Å"interaction† with it. Sound can be similarly interpreted this way, as sound is also perceived through the auditory sense . This idea can be linked some points in the field notes during the women’s tennis game between Duke University and Virginia Tech. For example, before the start of the game, the crowd could be heard chatting non-stop on probably every topic possible in casual conversations. As an observer, the sounds can be interpreted depending on the personal viewpoint of the listener or the â€Å"intention†. These sounds can be seen as sounds of excitement, of nervousness, or of indifference. To explain further, these three interpretations will be dissected. Sounds from the crowd can be interpreted as excitement due to the consistent rising and falling of the intonation of the overall chatter. They can also be interpreted as nervousness due to the listener’s percep tion of the circumstances where the sounds are happening. Rival fans can easily be perceived as nervous for the game results. Additionally, indifference may also be another interpretation due to the casual setting where the sounds are happening. However, this is just one aspect of interpretation. Another interpretation of sound can be based on â€Å"intentionality.† According to Tia De Nora, â€Å"users configure themselves as agents in and through the ways they relate to objects while they also configure objects in and through the ways they, as agents, behave towards those objects† ... De Nora, â€Å"users configure themselves as agents in and through the ways they relate to objects while they also configure objects in and through the ways they, as agents, behave towards those objects† (Guck 195). It happens, for instance, when the listener uses the music as a catalyst to what the listener wants to feel. For example, during the event, if the listener wants to feel excitement, they can easily use the sounds around them as a catalyst to feel excitement. The endless, mixed sound of voices can easily be used as an accomplice to get this feeling. On the other hand, if the listener wants to feel that their preferred team or player is at an advantage, they could choose to interpret the sounds from rival fans as nervousness (Guck 195-7). Semantics and Pragmatics In communication, aside from phonetics, lexicon, grammar, and syntax, pragmatics, and semantics are also necessary (Feld 206-7). Similarly, rules beyond how a music or sound is made are considered in interpr eting music or sound. Meanings and conceptions of self are equally important in interpreting the objects a listener hears. This could mean that sounds cannot be interpreted solely on the basis of its structure while isolating the context where it is heard. While not absolutely similar, it is reasonable to point out that some issue in linguistics may be applied in ethnomusicology (Feld 207). For example, in the same sports event, if a listener focuses on the social structure where sounds are produced, any listener will interpret the sounds in similar fashion. However, if the pragmatic and semantic theories are applied, a simple sound of laughter from a group of people may present different meanings to the listener. This does not discuss yet the â€Å"intentional† meaning that the producers of the

Ethics in Healthcare Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics in Healthcare - Research Paper Example p.43; Rae, 2000. p. 15). In other words, ethics are those values and principles which are highly essential for identifying personal or professional activities within or outside organizations. Keeping this view in mind, the UMH has developed vision and certain values that are normally practiced by staff and management of the UMH. In this regard, it is important to mention that certain medical ethical principles have also been included in the paper for the purpose of understanding and evaluating their practical application with the values which are being pursued and implemented by the management of UMH. The University of Miami Health (UMH) has both vision and mission for delivering quality health care services to patients. The mission of the UMH is to provide high-calibre health care facility, make advances through applied research in medicine and deliver medical education to the next generation and subsequently contribute to healthier world (About Us, 2014). In addition, the UMS has developed and practised certain values: excellence, compassion, discovery, collaboration and leadership (About Us, 2014). These values separately address the different expectations and requirements of stakeholders (i.e. patients, hospital management, staff members, regulators and wider social community). For example, the excellence and compassion values are patient-specific in which patient’s medical, physical, psychological and emotional needs and expectations are addressed and satisfied as well while the leadership value is related to retention of the quality staff members and medical professi onals (About Us, 2014). The ethical principles and objectives of the UMH are closely related. For example, providing high-calibre health care cannot be carried out without having full understanding of beneficence. More clearly, if a patient requires treatment for allergy, it is highly required that the health care provider must diagnose the

Structural analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Structural analysis - Essay Example Not just that, electron microscopy was further augmented with suitable detectors to even extract quantitative micro-chemistry and micro-crystallographic information not only from the surfaces (in case of SEM) but also from within the bulk of the material in case of TEM. Enhancement in resolution could be possible because of much smaller value of the wavelength of the accelerated electrons (which are the probe in electron microscopy) as compared to that of the visible light (which is the probe in case of optical microscopy). Why electron microscopy could be expanded to provide much more information is because interaction of electrons with matter leads to generation of a variety of signals like different kinds of electrons and X-rays and these signals contain valuable information about not only the topography of the surface but also about chemistry of the material and orientation of the grains. Therefore, it becomes relevant to present a brief introduction to electron – matter i nteraction for better understanding of electron microscopy in general and SEM in particular. When an electron beam strikes with matters it interacts with the electrons – outer shell as well as core electrons and nucleus of the matter. Depending on the energy and intensity of the incident electron beam and thickness of the material being exposed to the electron beam different kind of signals are generated. A schematic diagram showing a typical electron – matter interaction is presented in Figure 1. Electron beam can penetrate through the specimen only if its thickness is less than 100 nm and only then the transmitted signals are produced. Transmitted signals are used in Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and related analytical equipment like STEM (Scanning TEM), ATEM (Analytical TEM), HRTEM (High Resolution TEM) etc with attachments like EELS, HAADF etc. These signals are not

American beauty and Existentialism Movie Review

American beauty and Existentialism - Movie Review Example The continual struggle of Lester Burnham regarding the meaning of life eventually endows him with the freedom to assume total responsibility for his life, thereby taking the onus to give a meaning to his life, which though did not affiliate to any organized and systematic philosophical discipline is of immense importance and concern, so far as the life of Lester Burnham is concerned. Hence, eventually in the climax, Lester Burnham arrives at a meaningful conclusion that corroborates the essential existential theme that any valid philosophical quest ought to stand on a foundation comprising of the actual experiences of an individual. The eventual demise of Lester Burnham is not only satisfactory and well deserved in the context of his individual struggle, but is also indicative of the possibility of soliciting happiness by proactively engaging in an existential crisis. The existential themes inherent in the movie American Beauty could only be grasped by having a relevant insight into the actual plot and contexts. The central character in the movie that is Lester Burnham is shown to be up against a midlife existential crisis. In the movie Lester Burnham is shown to be a middle aged American male who is both a husband and a father. Lester is shown to be trapped in a marriage that is of no relevant meaning or interest to him. He happens to be the father of a daughter who actually seems to hate him. Lester is also shown to be trapped in a job that not only devoid of any motivation or interest, but also happens to be morally and ethically debasing and from which Lester Burnham intends to escape for the sake of personal peace and well being. It is only after Lester Burnham gets attracted to her daughter’s young and beautiful friend that he begins to assume responsibility for his life, thereby getting actively engaged in asking questions and making decisions that lead to his eventual sad but personally edifying death. In that context, the movie American Beauty f acilitates a deep insight into the actual motivations behind the so called modern life and the commensurate human struggle to seek meaning and personal contentment. The movie presents to the viewers the varied existential themes marking the contemporary life through the existential struggle of the central character Lester Burnham, at the same time shedding light on the vacuity and inanity of the individuals and organizations surrounding Lester Burnham. The plot of the movie thereby serves two purposes, one to unravel the absurdity and ludicrousness hidden behind the conformist notions of life, and second the possibility of seeking happiness and fulfillment in the small things marking the human existence. One existential theme that continually pops up while being engaged in the unraveling of the seemingly banal and mundane life of Lester Burnham is that of authenticity. In a quest for personal meaning and goal, the existential struggle engaged into by the central character that is Le ster Burnham, the character is shown to be living Sartre’s notion of authenticity, thereby practically symbolizing the fact that â€Å"authenticity implies the assumption of one’s moral responsibility, the recognition that one has to decide what is good (Schilpp 96).†Through his existential struggle, Lester Burnham actually establishes that authenticity is possible that even while being numbly engaged in an existential struggle, there does is a personal unity of consciousness, a personal capacity to be a proactive

Journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Journals - Essay Example This makes me provide my readers with information that was not fully factual. Amy Tan’s situation regards the notion of acceptance being through similarity. In this case, the situation leads to the conflict regarding accepting a personality that define an individual or unhappy with oneself because of an individual’s personality. In this case, Amy finds herself in a compromising situation that leads to a struggle. In this struggle, Amy can both sacrifice her identity and pick the identity of another person, or something that does not define the person. In effect, she struggles to determine how to fit in and find acceptance and forgetting her personality. The outcome to this struggle and the situation is that Amy is embarrassed of herself, her family, and her heritage. She cannot appreciate her heritage, but she is embarrassed since she wants to please Robert, which makes her thoughts about diversity blurred. Eventually, the outcome is that Tan was unable to appreciate who she was as she struggled to fit into the Western culture. In this case, she forgoes her traditions, the food, components of her culture, and the festivities that had defined her

University fees should not be abolished Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

University fees should not be abolished - Essay Example Before getting into the issue itself it is necessary to provide some discussion on the reasons why in some cases universities took on the initiative to abolish fees.The actions of the university are more or less the same in almost all developed countriesIn recent times some ideas have become redundant and politically incorrect. Most incoming students in the universities stand in long queue to get admission into the universities for the courses that have been closed for hours before they arrived. In such cases it is discouraging to ask students to pay for wasting time. The universities of the developed nations could not compete with the American economic system as they failed to bridge the gap in actual learning created by the public universities. Arguments There has been a long standing concern that pupils from lower socio economic backgrounds are forced to stay out from attaining higher education especially from attending universities. The social mobility is constraint due to high i nter generational correlation in attainment of education. Even if the concerns regarding the equity are left out then also efficiency is lost for the society as a whole. Two sets of actions can be undertaken to analyze the reason for the situation to arise. The first action can be directed towards intensive studies while the second action can be directed towards the policies necessary to address the issue. ... If en economic policy aims to eliminate a monopoly while the market becomes competitive as well as efficient the monopolist will be in a worse off situation. A competitive economy will result in Pareto optimal allocation when there is presence of full information in the economy and there is absence of externalities. Increasing returns to scale in technology is absent. The government can intervene into the market to facilitate the flow of information, manage the existing externalities, provide public goods and manage the income distribution within the society. The university or the college staffs can shift the resources effectively for more efficient allocation so as to ensure maximum outputs given inputs. As there inefficiencies in technical and allocation exist a significant portion of available resources go wasted. The state and university college is confronted with the Production Possibility Frontier. A tool can be designed for the purpose which will embody the resource constraint s and simplified assumptions on the college and university’s production possibilities. The assumptions as are follows: Two goods are produced while resources are fully utilized and budget is endowed as resources. The feasible and the non feasible mixes of output are depicted in the PPF. A Pareto efficient situation is possible only in cases where there are feasible mixes of output. Technical efficiency reflects the ability of a firm to avoid waste and attain maximum output level from a given set of inputs. The firm can attain such type of situation by mainly two ways. The firm produce as much output as possible by using the technology and inputs or by using just optimal amount

Business Development in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Development in Canada - Essay Example Canadian resources have been the cornerstone of business development and it is anticipated that it will remain the central avenue for the achievement of business prosperity for current and future generations. Resources and Growth of Businesses in Canada It is evident that throughout history, Canada has been endowed with various natural resources such as land, forests, minerals, fossils fuels, and fisheries. Exploitation of the above resources have been fundamental in the successful development of businesses through the provision of strategic raw materials, mineral and energy that are necessary in trade establishment and growth. The relationship between natural resource exploitation in Canada and business development shows a positive correlation where business and economic development depend on the endowment of an economy with natural resources (Taylor & Owram, 1994). Global and regional trade prior to the pre-war period relied majorly on the availability of raw materials, energy, and mineral commodities. Since Canada was capable of providing the above trade necessities through the exploitation and utilization of her natural resources, trade and business opportunities emerged. The availability of natural resources in Canada contributed to both domestic and international business development opportunities. The availability of natural resources in Canada led to the establishment and development of business opportunities hence intensified industrialization. Nearly all emerging and developing economies including Canada depended on the natural resources as the basis for economic growth achievement. Business growth and development in Canada have historically developed through the exploitation of natural resources that were found to be... This essay approves that United States corporations increased ownership of manufacturing and processing plants in Canada. Foreign direct investment by American firms was concentrated in the resource sector and in particular, the paper mills, and mining companies. The intensive incursion and successive ownership of manufacturing and processing plants in Canada by American led to the emergence of mergers as a new form of business strategy. Merger of multinational firms and local firms also concentrated control and ownership of natural resources in few hands. New economic organizations and re-orientation was evident with entry of larger firms in mainstream business operations. The market shifted from industrial capitalism to corporate capitalism where large multi-organizations began to take charge of business operations in Canada by increasing the size of economic units. This report makes a conclusion that Canada has been commonly referred to as the storehouse of resources since the past decades. Indeed Canada is endowed with various natural resources such as petroleum, fisheries, forests, and minerals among others and it boasts of a huge territory that is under natural resources. Natural resources have played a significant role in shaping up and development of business and economy of Canada. The export of staples such as pulp and paper, industrial minerals, timber, fur and agricultural products has contributed immensely to the growth of business and trade. It resulted in increased revenue and income, industrial growth and foreign direct investment initiatives.

Comparing of World Views Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparing of World Views - Essay Example Among some of the worldviews in contemporary society are realism, liberalism and neo-liberalism. The subsequent sections offer an in depth comparison of the worldviews in light of understanding, their impact upon individuals, cultures and nations. Realism Worldview The realist worldview holds a pessimistic ideology of state relations, global politics and peaceful cohesion. According to, Thomas Hobbes, a world renown theorist of classical realism, â€Å"Where there is no common power, there is no law; where no law, no justice. Force and law are in war with the two cardinal virtues.† Consequently, the realist worldview contends that global politics is a constant fight for power, control and position by the partisan state interests. Thus in the quest for asserting power and influence, realists believe in military strength as a benchmark. In most cases the military strength is put to test and consequently places the threat of warfare and violence on the world (Griffiths, 2012). Fu rthermore, the realist view places responsibility on states as the major factors that influence actions in the world. Moreover, the human rights of individuals are violated over state interests. According to the realist worldview, there exists a lack of higher state authority to maintain order and global peace. As a result, the world is in a constant state of anarchy and states are compelled to maintain a high level of personal protection and defense. States are in constant lookout for ways to bolster their security and boost power. Consequently, the states with greater military capacity foment and assert their strength by intimidating or attacking other states. Thus, according to this worldview, war is not only a possibility, but inevitable. In a nut shell the core tenets of realism are that global politics are defined by power over justice, the struggle for power and the balance of power results to stability. Liberal Worldview The liberal worldview takes on a more positive stance in relation to world politics, the optimism of peace and state relations. According to Dworkin, a renowned liberal theorist, equal concern and respect are the basic tenets that government should apply in governing citizens (Dworkin, 1977). Moreover, John Rawls, a famous liberal political theorist, states that the legal system of any society must ascribe to the principles of justice and fairness. Furthermore, he adds that a liberal society flourishes from the rational decision making of human beings and consequently results to good life (Rawls, 1971). The roots of liberal worldview are attributed to Immanuel Kant’s philosophy book entitled â€Å"Towards Perpetual Peace.† Kant believed that global peace was a reality through Free State federations that promote security and international order. Furthermore, he stated that an independent legislature was fundamental in checking the powers of republican governments. Consequently, the basic tenets of liberal worldview critici ze the realist worldview by emphasizing on cooperation, cohesive existence and peace in the quest for world transformation. Furthermore, the liberal worldview believes in the possibility of global cooperation in contrast to power struggles. Moreover, liberalist worldview disregards anarchy and power struggles that are hypothesized by the realist worldview. The overriding reason forwarded is the interdependence of states that shape the reality of contemporary world politics. Modern day liberal theorist such as Kymlicka, offers a refined political liberal theory in

Surveillance Soceity (pro and cons) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Surveillance Soceity (pro and cons) - Essay Example This essay therefore looks at two sides of an argument about the pros and cons of having surveillance society based on the theory of surveillance and privacy. On the whole, those who argue for surveillance society are those who take the moral side of the debate, having the main conclusion that the guarantee for having the right thing done should come ahead of any personal and individual rights and privileges.4 The major reason that is cited to back this argument is that the world becomes safer and get criminals accounting for their deeds when there is maximum surveillance.5 Typical evidence that can be used to support this is the case of Trayvon Martin who was fatally shot by George Zimmerman. Indeed in the course of the trial, evidence from eye witnesses could not prove credible enough for the eventual judgment to be accepted by both sides. This is because there were variations in accounts given as to what happened.6 In such a case, a person reasoning from a moral perspective would just wish there was a means to hit rewind, something that can only be made possible if any of the two people involved wore a personal recording device.7 From the above, the premise stated is that a surveillance society is one that guarantees the safety of the people and protects them from the hands of evil people who would want to commit crimes and have their ways with them. With the example give, an unstated assumption is that should all people wear personal recording devices, the issue of evidence in court would be more credible. By inference, our current society will become more secure and most forms of legal tussles that take years to hear in court would become a thing of the past.8 As the legal process functions largely on evidence, it is expected that such forms of evidence that come through surveillance equipment in society would set the pace for having a better evidence based judgment.9 The other side of the argument which is against surveillance society is commonly upheld by

Lamprey Inc Remains Viable as a Business Enterprise Essay

Lamprey Inc Remains Viable as a Business Enterprise - Essay Example This huge disparity in salary already manifested in the uncompetitive pricing of Lamprey Inc.’s products compared to its competitors. Competitors were also dangerously close to overtaking Lamprey Inc. in terms of product quality. Lamprey Inc. has to lower its cost, to remain viable as a business enterprise. If it will continue to operate with the same cost in the present state of competition, it will not long be long before it will fold. Looking at the numbers, moving the plant to Mexico seems to be the easiest solution considering the wage disparity of $16 per hour in Oconomo plant and $1.60 per hour in Mexico translating to a $ 15 million savings per year. But limiting the consideration of the decision to lowering wages can be a very simple solution to the problem. The real issue of the Oconomo plant is the high operational cost and wage is only one of its many components. In addition, the level of the plant’s productivity may be also an issue for it might be producing less at the same cost. If the management and the employees can find ways to lower the cost and increase productivity that will make the company’s return higher and enable it to keep a savings equivalent to moving the plant to Mexico, then it should be explored. As an experienced manager, Jim Malesckowski felt it in his gut that the decision felt wrong although it sounds right. Strictly looking at the disparity of the wages may seem to be right but he knew that as long as there is a chance that the cost will be lowered, the plant should be saved. Jim has to engage the employees through its union in the solving the problem of lowering the cost and enhancing productivity. He has to be forthright with the employees that both of them want the same thing, to keep the plant at Oconomo without cutting the wages.   So they have to solve the problem of competition which undermines their mutual interest in keeping the plant.  

Human Resource Management - Management Approach to HRM Essay

Human Resource Management - Management Approach to HRM - Essay Example (Baird & Meshoulam, 1988). Historically there is a shift in the concepts and development of the field of human resource management over the period of time. What started as personnel management has now gradually transformed itself into the new realm of human resource management. The ideas of personnel management mainly seems to be contrasting with those of human resource management. The traditional view about the personnel management was of the view that the humans are only responsible for production and profits and personnel management largely envisioned the use of machines as manpower. Historically what is now considered as human resource management was something else. Over the period of time, related concepts and theories were known with different names and gradually transformed into HRM. HRM initially started with the name of Industrial Welfare. (Kaizelong, 2006). This was the first form of human resource management which was basically started with the advent of the labor unions. The initial focus was on the welfare of the factory labors. However it gradually evolved and culminated into the bigger concept of Personnel Management. The real focus on the personnel management started with the advent of industrial revolution where the need for qualified staff was badly felt especially due to the factor of division of labor. There exists a very subtle and minute element of distinction between human resources and personnel management. Both are considered as â€Å"process of getting things done through people†. (ACCEL TEAM, 2007). HRM now is considered as an inte grative approach in which a two-way linkage is assumed between the organizational strategy and individual needs of the employees on the other hand. The essence of HRM now is that the separate personnel actions are now consistently linked and integrated with the overall

BUSINESS MODELS AND PLANNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

BUSINESS MODELS AND PLANNING - Essay Example From the case study it was evident that company alpha engaged in seven business model innovations in which only 4 were successful. Amongst the remaining three, the company either succeeded or failed in their operations. From the case study it was evident that only the innovations which involved exploitation of existing technology and the development and exploitation of technology based products encouraged the success. The company’s failure was attributed to lack of desired quality and standards and that the market was small for the company’s turnover. On the other hand company beta only managed 3 business innovations two of which were successful while the other one failed. Success to the business model was due to acquisition and exploitation of new technology. However, the failure was due to a new product entrant into the market which faced severe completion that squeezed it out. To innovate in business model means that a company must be able to engage in mergers and acquisitions which reduces the company’s competitiveness? In addition to this, innovations in business model also require that companies are able to acquire or embrace new technology that exists within the business environment. From the research conducted between company alpha and beta it is evident that success only came when the companies involved in business models which involved acquisition of new technology and development. For example, company alpha engaged in seven business model innovations in which only 4 were successful. Only the innovations which involved exploitation of existing technology and the development and exploitation of technology based products encouraged the success. The case was similar to company beta which involved in only 3 business innovations and only two succeeded. Innovation is a rigorous process that involves companies to

WEEK 6 SQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

WEEK 6 SQ - Essay Example Twenty packages are inserted in a box for shipment. To test the weight of the boxes, a few were checked. The mean weight was 20.4 pounds, the standard deviation 0.5 pounds. How many boxes must the processor sample to be 95 percent confident that the sample mean does not differ from the population mean by more than .2 pounds? Ch.10-6 The MacBurger restaurant chain claims that the waiting time of customers for service is normally distributed, with a mean of 3 minutes and a standard deviation of 1 minute. The quality assurance department found in a sample of 50 customers at the Warren Road MacBurger that the mean waiting time was 2.75 minutes. At the .05 significance level, can we conclude that the mean waiting time is less than 3 minutes? The p-value is the probability of finding a z value less than -1.77. From Appendix D, the probability of a z value between zero and -1.77 is .4616. So the p-value is .0384 (0.5000 – 0.4616 = 0.0384). Ch. 10-18 The management of White Industries is considering a new method of assembling its golf cart. The present method requires 42.3 minutes, on the average, to assemble a cart. The mean assembly time for a random sample of 24 carts, using the new method, was 40.6 minutes, and the standard deviation of the sample was 2.7 minutes. Using the .10 level of significance, can we conclude that the assembly time using the new method is faster? Ch. 11-24 Clark Heter is an industrial engineer at Lyons Products. He would like to determine whether there are more units produced on the afternoon shift than on the day shift. A sample of 54 day-shift workers showed that the mean number of units produced was 345, with a standard deviation of 21. a sample of 60 afternoon-shift workers showed that the mean number of units produced was 351, with a standard deviation of 28 units. At the .05 significance level, is the number of units produced on the afternoon shift larger? Ch. 11-38 Two boats, the Prada

I need 1 page outlines for assignment topic (Effects of using

I need 1 page outlines for topic (Effects of using technology on the academic achievement and adaptive behaviour of students with intellectual disabilities in primary schools) - Assignment Example The qualitative data will be obtained and subjected to the statistical analysis in order to give more detailed inference. The qualitative data will include both primary and secondary data According to Hardman, Drew and Egan (2011, p. 23), assistive technology offers an opportunity for the disabled to demonstrate their mastery of skills and achievement of knowledge without unfair and limited restriction because of their disabilities just like their normal peers. Lane & Bundy (2012, p. 45) asserts that assistive technology also encourages the access of those with disability to the assessment programs and to the more challenging programs and courses. Paris (2008, p. 36) conjectures that assistive technology should not alter the learning of the intellectually impaired students. Donders and Hunter (2010, p. 67) asserts that the applicants of this assistive technology should not permit or intend to offer an unfair advantage to those with disabilities over those taking the tests and have standardized conditions. Turkington and Harris (2006, p. 43) claim that assistive technology should not invalidate results or alter the construct of the learning of the disabled students. The assistive technology should also not substitute the abilities or knowledge that the students have not received. According to Bley, Thornton and Bley (2007, p. 72), assistive technology is significant for students and are for flexibility and changes in method of response, timing, scheduling, method of response, and settings in the administration of the disabled student literacy assessments (Gargiulo and Metcalf 2013, p. 39). This assistive technology should be suitable and meet individual needs of the vulnerable students, used in a fair way, and offered in a given assessment situation. According to Knoff (2006, p. 32), large print or Braille version of test is appropriate for those with severe visual impairment or the blind. The

Gerdes Psychological Services Essay Example for Free

Gerdes Psychological Services Essay E3-1B| (Transaction Analysis—Service Company) Brown is a licensed CPA. During the first month of operations of her business (a sole proprietorship), the following events and transactions occurred. | | | April| | | | | | | 3| Purchased supplies on account $1,610.| | | | | 11| Completed a tax assignment and billed client $2,530 for services rendered. | | 12| Received $7,360 advance on a management consulting engagement.| | 17| Received cash of $5,290 for services completed for Calunga Co.| | 21| Paid insurance expense $253.| | 30| Owe the secretary-receptionist $2,668 for the month.| | 30| A count of supplies indicated that $276 of supplies had been used. | | 30| Purchased a new computer for $14,030| (LO 4)| | | InstructionsJournalize the transactions in the general journal. (Omit explanations.)Problem #3| | E3-3B | (Corrected Trial Balance) The trial balance of Cervantes Corporation, below, does not balance. | | | CERVANTES CORPORATIONTRIAL BALANCEAPRIL 30, 2010| | Debit| Credit| Cash| $11,824| | Accounts Receivable| 10,480| | Supplies on Hand| 5,934| | Furniture and Equipment| 12,200| | Accounts Payable| | $14,088| Common Stock| | 16,000| Retained Earnings| | 4,000| Service Revenue| | 10,400| Office Expense| 8,640| | | $49,078| $44,488| An examination of the ledger shows these errors. | 1. | Cash received from a customer on account was recorded as $2,760 instead of $3,660.| | 2. | The purchase on account of a computer costing $6,400 was recorded as a debit to Office Expense and a credit to Accounts Payable.| | 3. | Services were performed on account for a client, $4,500, for which Accounts Receivable was debited $4,500 and Service Revenue was credited $450.| | 4. | A payment of $190 for telephone charges was entered as a debit to Office Expenses and a debit to Cash.| | 5. | The Service Revenue account was totaled at $10,400 instead of $10,560.| | (LO 4)| | | InstructionsFrom this information prepare a corrected trial balanceProblem #4| | | | | | | | E3-5B | (Adjusting Entries) The ledger of Chan Rental Agency on March 31 of the current year includes the following selected accounts before adjusting entries have been prepared. | | | | Debit| Credit| Prepaid Insurance| $ 2,700| | Supplies| 2,100| | Equipment| 18,750| | Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment| | $ 6,300| Notes Payable| | 15,000| Unearned Rent Revenue| | 6,975| Rent Revenue| | 45,000| Interest Expense| –0– | | Wage Expense| 10,500| | An analysis of the accounts shows the following. | 1. | The equipment depreciates $188 per month.| | 2. | One-third of the unearned rent was earned during the quarter.| | 3. | Interest of $375 is accrued on the notes payable.| | 4. | Supplies on hand total $637.| | 5. | Insurance expires at the rate of $225 per month.| | (LO 5)| | | InstructionsPrepare the adjusting entries at March 31, assuming that adjusting entries are made quarterly. Additional accounts are: Depreciation Expense; Insurance Expense; Interest Payable; and Supplies Expense.| | | | Problem # 5 | | | | E3-8B | (Adjusting Entries) Dement is the new owner of Fung Computer Services. At the end of August 2010, his first month of ownership, Dement is trying to prepare monthly financial statements. Below is some information related to unrecorded expenses that the business incurred during August. | 1. | At August 31, Dement owed his employees $2,280 in wages that will be paid on September 1.| | 2. | At the end of the month he had not yet received the months utility bill. Based on past experience, he estimated the bill would be approximately $720.| | 3. | On August 1, Dement borrowed $36,000 from a local bank on a 15-year mortgage. The annual interest rate is 6%.| | 4. | A telephone bill in the amount of $140 covering August charges is unpaid at August 31.5.During August, Dement earned $1000 of $6000 that was received from a client at the end of July.| | (LO 5)| | | InstructionsInstructionsPrepare the adjusting journal entries as of August 31, 2010, suggested by the information above.| | | | |

Speaker’s notes Essay Example for Free

Speaker’s notes Essay Slide 1 Information on the slide: As the first slide it should be in front of the audience while I present myself and my project. The slide is a comparison between students and wards. It is meant to kick start the attention of the audience, implying the students as future wards. The picture is taken from www.lao.ca.gov. What to address: After a brief introduction is made I make a short presentation on the picture, mentioning that both students and wards carry a gun for the same reasons, to feel safe. Slide 2 All presentations should have a clearly stated question or problem that they address. In our case we examine the questions: Is Juvenile Crime Rates Increasing? Is Juvenile Murder Rates Increasing? How do the Violent Crime Rates of Ohio relate to the whole country? It is time to mention the increasing rumor that juvenile violence is increasing throughout the US. In fact many researchers say that the statistics show that the juvenile crime rate is in fact decreasing in the US. (Snyder, Finnegan, Sickmund (1999)). We then turn our eyes to concentrate on Ohio, to see how the juvenile Crime Rate is developing there. Slide 3 This slide is the first in a series of statistical graphs. To compare the murder rate we include the number of juvenile murders in Ohio from 1995-2004. Juvenile Ohio murder graph: This Graph describes the Murders performed by juveniles under 18 over a decade. We can see that the number of murders have decreased during the last few years, it was especially low during the year of 1999. However, at the end of the graph we can see the Murder Rate starting to rise again during the most recent years. Data collected from: Federal Bureau of Investigation. Supplementary Homicide Reports 1980-2004 [machine-readable data files] In this diagram we see that the numbers of juvenile murder offenders are decreasing over the past decade, this doesn’t necessarily mean that the percentages of juvenile murder offenders are decreasing in comparison to adult murder offenders. To investigate this we need to look at the adult murder offenders and take out a percentage for the juvenile case. Slide 4 Here we investigate the number of adult murder offenders, a number that seems to be fairly stable. As a result of this we can see that the juvenile share of the Ohio murders have in fact decreased over the past decade. If looked at from a shorter perspective, we see that it has gone up a little the last few years, possibly indicating that it may continue to go up in the future. Data collected from: Federal Bureau of Investigation. Supplementary Homicide Reports 1980-2004 [machine-readable data files] Slide 5 For the rest of the country we see basically the same pattern. Data collected from: Federal Bureau of Investigation. Supplementary Homicide Reports 1980-2004 [machine-readable data files] Slide 6 If we compare the juvenile murder rates in Ohio to the rest of the country, we see that Ohio is slightly higher than the entire US murder rate. We can also notice that the juvenile murder rate is increasing more rapidly for Ohio. This means that the need to improve the situation is bigger in Ohio than in the country in general. Data collected from: Federal Bureau of Investigation. Supplementary Homicide Reports 1980-2004 [machine-readable data files] Slide 7 While violent crimes are a problem in the state of Ohio it is also a problem for each of the individual counties. It has been said that it is almost impossible to predict juvenile crime rates (Snyder, Finnegan, Sickmund (1999)) and in this picture (Snyder, Finnegan, Sickmund (1999), chapter5) we can see the crime rates in each county. Slide 8 What about crimes like Robbery, Rape and Car Theft? Slide 9 Since it has been impossible to locate statistics for all of Ohio as a state due to lack of data, we are forced to make a comparison on the counties. The counties with the highest population rate are Franklin Cuyahoga Hamilton Lucas Summit However, it is only possible to locate statistical data from Franklin, Lucas and Summit. These graphs include the crime rates of motor vehicle theft, aggravated assault, forcible rape, and robbery. The values are all in percentage, compared to the entire crime rate. When looking at these graphs it is clear that the general trend of violent juvenile crime arrests are decreasing or being fairly steady in all areas, with the exception of motor vehicle theft in Lucas that is increasing. This leads us to the conclusion that the rate of juvenile crimes are not increasing in Ohio, but in fact decreasing. Slide 10 Conclusion During the beginning of the 90’s the Juvenile Crime Rate was very high. Since 1996 it has decreased again, and even if we see a small upwards tendency, there is not enough statistical data to support the belief that the Rate will go up again. However, the crime rate is very high, and Ohio is above the rest of the country. Ohio’s Juvenile Crime Rate is also increasing more rapidly then the rest of the country, which calls for immediate action before we reach the high levels of aggressive crime that we saw in the 90’s.