Why Romeo’s Mood Change When He Realises Mercution Is Dying Free Essays

Romeo’s mood changes when he realizes that Mercutio is dying as he suddenly becomes regretful ‘that an hour hath (Tybalt) been my kinsman’ and decides that ‘others must end’ over ‘this black day’s fate’, whereas at the beginning of the scene he is very calm and peaceful and tells Tybalt ‘I love thee’ and that the reason he does excuses the need to react aggressively toward the ‘greeting’ Tybalt gives him calling him ‘villain’ as his hate can have ‘no better term’. Romeo is made ‘effeminate’ by Juliet’s love and so his love ‘excuses the appertaining rage’ so he doesn’t harm the Capulet, ‘whose name I (he) tenders as dearly as’ his own as he is married to Juliet. When Mercutio and Tybalt are fighting he still continues to try to keep the peace, and tells Benvolio to help ‘beat down their weapons’ which links to the fight in Act 1 Scene 1 where Benvolio draws his sword to prevent the fighting, showing how they aren’t opposed to force to protect people they care about. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Romeo’s Mood Change When He Realises Mercution Is Dying or any similar topic only for you Order Now When he realises Mercutio is dying he sheds his peace keeping attitude and actively participates in the fight as either him, Tybalt ‘or both’ must go with ‘Mercutio’s soul’ ‘to keep him company’. This also contrasts with the love expressed for Tybalt earlier, as he acts more masculine instead of being ‘effeminate’ as Juliet ‘hath soften’d valour’s steel’and fights to maintain his family’s honour and also avenge the death of his ‘very friend’, which shows two sides to Romeo; one being the courtly lover who is in love with Juliet and the other being an Italian hot-blooded male. How to cite Why Romeo’s Mood Change When He Realises Mercution Is Dying, Papers

DNA Structure Essay Example For Students

DNA Structure Essay The Thread of Life, is deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA. Thismolecule which is the bases of life, is spiral shaped and found in the nucleusof cells. DNA has the genetic code for bodies, controls development ofembryos, and is able to repair damage caused to itself. All DNA moleculeshave linked units called nucleotides. These nucleotides have sub-units that have5 carbon sugars that are called deoxyribose. DNA is composed of four basescalled adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. These are some of the mainprinciples of DNA. What we know today about structure of DNA begins in 1868 whena Swiss biologist Friedrich Miescher did the first experiments on the nuclei ofcells. Miescher used the nuclei of pus cells from old medical bandages. In thesepus cells he found What We know today about structure of DNA begins in 1868 whena Swiss biologist Friedrich Miescher did the first experiments on the nuclei ofcells. Miescher used the nuclei of pus cells from old medical bandages. In thesepu s cells he found phosphorus with a substance he called nuclein. This nucleinhas an acidic portion which is classified as DNA. Another scientist Thomas HuntMorgan made an important discovery around 1900. He observed that certaincharacteristics were inherited quickly through numerous generations of fruitflies. So he made the conclusion that these genes must be near one another onthe chromosome. In 1943 Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty, threescientists working in the Rockefeller institute, preformed an experiment bytaking DNA from a virulent (disease-causing) strain of Streptococcus pneumonaeand transformed a non-virulent (inactive) form back to a virulent form. Avery,MacLeod, and McCarty discovered from their experiments that DNA carried avirulent message that can be transferred into the recipient of non-virulentcells. This proved that DNA was a carrier of genetic information. An importantdiscovery of the 1940s was the discovery by Erwin Chargaff who establishedthat her editys alphabet which are the four bases adenine (A), guanine(G), thymine (T), and cytosine(C) can occur in different orders in differentorganisms. In 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick put forth a radical new ideaabout DNA. Their idea suggested that the DNA molecule was made up of two helicalchains instead of three intertwined chains as previously thought. Today we havea strong knowledge of DNA and scientists are applying that knowledge to a threebillion dollar project called the human genome project. This project willexamine the structure of human DNA and map out every single gene in the humanbody and will take 15 years. The strong knowledge that we have of DNA allows thescientist to map out the genes at about 1 to 2 per day. This may not seem to bea very fast rate but scientists have already found the genes that cause diseasessuch as Hunningtons, Lou Gerhigs, and the Bubble-Boy disease. Another way that we use our strong knowledge of DNA is in criminalidentification. This plays a major role in todays society. Because eachpersons DNA is different (except in identical twins) police officers can takeblood or semen samples from a crime scene and take them to the lab foridentification. This can insure the guilt or innocence of a suspect. An exampleof this is the O.J. Simpson case where investigators tried to match O.J.s DNAto the DNA at the scene of the crime. Another way scientists apply theirknowledge of DNA today is by using special enzymes called restriction enzymesthat cut through the phosphate of DNA and these cut ends are called stickyends because they easily attract other tails from other DNA. Scientist usethese restriction enzymes for genetic engineering by removing a gene from oneorganism to another. In the future DNA has great possibilities for thebetterment of mankind and also the detriment. The most obvious and controversialpossibility would be the cloning o f humans. Scientists have already cloned sheepand other such organisms but have yet to take the step for cloning a human eventhough the technology is in place, the ethics of this may not be. The method toarrive at is quite simple. The embryo of an organism is removed in the earlydevelopment stage from the uterus then split and each separate part is placed ina surrogate uterus. Scientist are trying to clone organisms beyond the earlyembryonic stages, making for a much more difficult challenge. In 1996 Scottishscientists were able to clone a sheep, Dolly, by taking skin cells of a donorsheep and were deprived of nutrients to halt cell production. Then anunfertilized egg is taken from another sheep with its nucleus removed, to eraseany genetic information and then finally fused with the skin cells from thefirst donor sheep. Though Dolly characteristics are the same as the sheep thatthe skin cells were taken from, she is not a 100% clone. She is not a true clonebecause not all organisms are found in the nucleus and therefore still retainsome of the traits from the surrogate sheep. The human Genome Project that issaid to be done by 2005 will sequence more 35 million pairs of human DNA. .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .postImageUrl , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:hover , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:visited , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:active { border:0!important; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:active , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Under Ground Railroad EssayBecause of such advanced technologies in the future and continually growingknowledge of DNA we may be able to find cures for such diseases as cancer orAIDS or even deformities such as sickle cell anemia or down syndrome. DNAtechnology is one of the leading sciences going into the 21st century. Becauseit could potentially cure or eliminate such diseases or deformities as AIDS ordown syndrome it could also potentially harm us in the future with more lethalbiological weapons. However anything dealing with DNA is a highly complicatedand sensitive issue to most people. This knowledge is so powerful that we areable to play God, in a sense, and crea te or alter any organism we choose. Thatis why I believe that for the betterment of mankind we must regulate andrestrict this information to insure that it is used for ethical purposes ofmankind. Science

How does Shakespeare guide our responses to the main characters in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

How does Shakespeare guide our responses to the main characters in Romeo and Juliet? Essay In a play we as the audience learn about its characters by their speech, actions, tone of voice and their stage directions. It is usually very easy to see a characters personality in a play as the playwright usually makes it easy to understand who is Good and who is bad. It must be remembered that an Elizabethan audience would respond slightly differently to the characters as we do as nowadays people have more cynical views. One character that the audience take immediate dislike to is Tybalt. He is obviously an evil character and consequently one the audience dislikes straight away. In Act I he is aggressive and insulting towards Benvolio, who is trying to keep the peace between the Capulets and Montagues. He says What, drawn, and talk of peace? I hate the word as I hate hell, all Montagues and thee. His repetition of the word hate shows his aggressive nature. From this you can also conclude he is a character who loves to fight, resulting in our feelings of dislike for him. On the other hand one character who we feel sympathy for is Romeo, even before he is encountered in the play. Montague and Benvolio first mention him, discussing the way he is acting. We find out he has been troubled for some time, often sighted on his own, obviously upset. This makes the audience feel sympathetic towards him. When we finally encounter him we find out the cause- he is a victim of unrequited love with Rosaline. He says This love feel I, that feel no love in this., meaning he loves but is not loved in return. He comes across as lovesick and confused at the beginning of the play. This is shown through his poetic, exaggerated language throughout Act 1, Scene 1. One Example is his use of oxymorons when conversing with Benvolio. For example O brawling love, O loving hate, O anything of nothing first create, O heavy lightness, serious vanity. This shows just how confused he really is. At this point in the play we almost feel that Romeo is pathetic and unworthy of respect, because we have a more cynical view of love but an Elizabethan audience would most likely feel different and show great sympathy for him. When Romeo meets Juliet he comes across as a more genuine character, using religious language to describe Juliets beauty. For Example If I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. He is more smitten now that he realises he didnt love Rosaline, as shown Act 1, Scene 5. He quotes Did my heart feel love till now? Forswear it, sight, for I neer saw true beauty till this night. Although the audience still think he could be exaggerating again and his love may actually be physical attraction (as with Rosaline) and he may be being fickle again, as backed up by the opinion of the Friar. He Says Young mens love then lies not truly from their hearts, but in their eyes, He is less pathetic now, more pure and innocent, more blinded by Juliets beauty. An Elizabethan audience would be more believing of Romeo, as they strongly believed in fate. The fight scene between Romeo and Tybalt is one of huge consequence and one that shows a totally different side to Romeo. After hearing news of Tybalt killing Mercutio, Romeo is enraged and seeks out Tybalt to kill him. This shows some similarity with Tybalt, in the way that Romeo can be aggressive and thoughtless of consequence. He seeks him out and kills him in a furious state. Romeo is shocked by his own actions, blaming not himself but fate for what he has done. O, I am fortunes fool! he shouts in act III after killing Tybalt. This gives us the impression that Romeo is irresponsible for his own actions, which makes us lose respect for him. However, to an Elizabethan audience this would have been seen as fates fault, as they had strong beliefs in this, and would strongly sympathise with him. As a consequence of murdering Tybalt, Romeo is banished from Verona. At this he is heartbroken, as it means he will never see Juliet again. He goes to Friar Lawrence and talks to him about it and what he will do. He acts very immaturely; having a tantrum about having to leave Verona and Juliet, telling the friar he would rather be killed. He says Hadst thou no potion mixed, no sharp-ground knife, No sudden mean of death, though neer so mean, But banished to kill me? Banished! It is now that the Friar acts as a father, giving him advice and telling him that he is better off leaving than losing his life. Romeo shows another side of his personality childishness and immaturity but this changes at the end when he shows nobility and loyalty to Juliet by taking his life, because he believes she is dead. Our opinions of him change throughout the play due to his actions, speech and Friar Lawrences viewpoints on him. Juliet also changes throughout the play. In Act 1 our initial impression of her is that she is an obedient young teenager. We find out that she is only 13 years of age quite early on in scene 3 of Act 1, when her mother (Lady Capulet) and Nurse discuss marriage between her and Paris. The Nurse says Critical Analysis of Presentations Essay Thou counterfeits a bark, a sea, a wind; For still thy eyes, which I may call the sea Describing her as bark (trees), the sea, the wind, which are all beautiful natural things. It is also apparent that he has only the best intentions for Juliet, as he puts a lot of effort into the arrangements of the wedding. When he finds out that Juliet refuses to marry, he gets very aggressive and cruel towards her, threatening her and calling her names. He says Thank me no thankings, nor proud me no prouds, But fettle your fine joints gainst Thursay next, To go with Paris to Saint Peters Church, Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither. Out you green-sickness carrion! Out you baggage! You tallow-face, meaning that if she does not comply with his plans he will force her to go anyway. He carries on, saying Hang thee, young baggage! Disobedient wretch! I tell thee what: get thee to church o Thursday, Or never after look me in the face. Speak not, reply not, do not answer me. My fingers itch. Stating that if she doesnt go along with it he will lose all respect for her forever after. The saying of my fingers itch. shows how aggressive he really is, as this means that he wants to hit her, which is more shocking to a modern audience than an Elizabethan audience. However our opinion of him changes at the end of the play, when he nobly joins together in peace with the Montagues, after all of the deaths. The nurse plays the role of Juliets second mother, and this bond is strengthened by the similarity between Juliet and Susan, the nurses late daughter, so they play important roles in each others lives as Mother and daughter. She calls her a lamb and a lady-bird, representing Juliets innocence. The nurse helps with the relationship between Romeo and Juliet by acting as a messenger, a go-between. She is a very frustrating, crude old woman at times, especially in scene 2 of act 3, where she explains that Romeo has killed Tybalt by merely shouting Ah well-a-day! Hes dead, hes dead, hes dead! We are undone, lady, we are undone, Alack the day, hes gone, hes killed, hes dead! Confusing Juliet into thinking that Romeo is dead. We feel sympathetic for the nurse in act 4 scene 5, when she is devastated by finding Juliet (apparently) dead. She shouts O lamentable day! O heavy day! Shes dead, deceased, shes dead, alack the day! O lamentable day! the repetition of the O shows her misery and sorrow for the death of Juliet. When this is said, the emotional reaction stimulated by the fake death makes the audience feel that Juliets actions were selfish and thoughtless. Friar Lawrence is to Romeo what the nurse is to Juliet, a substitute parent who cares for Romeo as a son, he says Too familiar is my dear son with such sour company. The friar also tries to help Romeo and Juliet in a lot of ways, including actually marrying them in act 2, showing his good intentions towards their relationship. The friar also is a character who mirrors the audiences feelings of Romeo, he says Holy Saint Francis, what a change is here! Is Rosaline that thou didst love so dear So soon forsaken? Young mens love then lies Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. Which mirrors our feelings of Romeos rapid change of heart in Rosaline. He does it again in act 3, he says O deadly sin! O rude thankfulness! Thy fault our law calls death but the kind Prince, Taking thy part, hath rushed aside the law, And turned that black word death to banishment. This is dear mercy, and thou seest it not. This also mirrors our feelings of Romeo at the news of his banishment. An audience nowadays has a differing opinion of Friar Lawrence than an Elizabethan audience because he in the Elizabethan era would have been seen as a bad friar and one that aids rebellion. A modern audience would see him as a man who helps lovers relationships bloom. The play covers many themes, some of love, tragedy, death, family feuds, hatred and passion, the most obvious being tragedy. It is a tragedy because the main characters commit suicide at the end because they cannot live without eachother. Some good comes out of the tragedy though, as the Capulets and Montagues join in peace at the end. Romeo and Juliet are in a way to blame for the outcome of their relationship, but the Elizabethan audience would strongly believe that their fates were totally to blame. Shakespeare uses fate a lot in the play to provoke sympathy for those who have unlucky fates. In a play we as the audience learn about its characters by their speech, actions, tone of voice and their stage directions, as stated before. Shakespeare uses fate and dramatic irony intentionally to provoke sympathetic reactions to characters in the play and affect our responses and emotions about different situations. Different audiences in different times in differing societies can interpret the play many different ways, which is probably the reason why it was and still is such a popular play today.

Survey and Interview Methods in Social Sciences

Introduction In statistical research, we use sampling on many occasions. It would be hard to engage a whole population in a study because of the costs and time associated with such a census. However, in many a sample, there is the possibility of errors. Statistically, these errors result in bias. We also infer results by using methods such as hypothesis testing and estimation, which may not be entirely true in the entire population.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on Survey and Interview Methods in Social Sciences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the case of Auburn, specifically at a station, this is not an all in-inclusive sample to help us make a conclusion. This is because there are problems of communication and many immigrants may be unwilling to offer information. This may result in untrue data. Surveys There are two major types of surveys used in collecting data for a given study. They are cross-sectional and longitudinal survey. In cross- sectional surveys, the aim of the researcher is to get a snapshot of views and thoughts from a different variety of respondents. Just like other surveys, the cross-sectional surveys gathers information from a sample representative of the whole population according to Hay (2010) However, the sample is cross sectional in terms of age, gender and socioeconomic background. It also involves collecting information at one point in time. In longitudinal surveys, we gather information at different points in time to study change. The major aim of this kind of survey is to compare differences in practices and opinions of the population over a given period (Hay 2010). Interviews Interviewing is a method of collecting data from human beings by asking them questions for which they answer verbally. It is a systematized way of talking and listening to people in order to get information regarding a particular topic or phenomena. In interviews, the respondent provid es the primary data for the study and the views of the researcher are not important as most of the information comes from the respondent. The respondents are able to give their conceptualizations and interpretation regarding the topic under study (Hay 2010).Advertising Looking for thesis on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons for Using Interviews and Surveys Interviews have many advantages. They include the following. More Information They allow for probing, follow up, and it is possible to get in depth information on a topic. They also have many disadvantages, which include consumption of time and very expensive administration. It is not possible with a large number of people as they are very axing and take a lot of time to complete. The chances of the interviewer bias are high especially in closed-ended interviews. Analysis of data may be take a lot of time, especially data from open ended interviews and respondents may not remember important information or may lack self awareness (Ragin 2005). In this study, the sample of the study will be the immigrants who live in the Auburn suburbs. These will be the interviewees to get the data required to carry out this study. However, the interviews will take place in three areas within the Auburn suburb. These areas are the Auburn council, people from two different organizations, which offer different services to the immigrants. Equal Chance of Selection There is a random selection of people to involve in the study. This will ensure that every member of the population under study has an equal opportunity of selection. Hence, a well representative sample. Issuance of questionnaires to the participants will follow. Each questionnaire will have five questions each seeking to get different information related to the study. The researcher will issue forty questionnaires to the participants between ten and four at the Auburn train station. Each q uestionnaire will take approximately ten minutes to complete (Holliday 2007). In this case, however, there is less representation of immigrant population. This is true because our area of focus does not have all immigrants proportionate to the entire population in the country. Confidentiality Throughout this study, the researcher will ensure utmost confidentiality of the participants. All information gathered during this study will also be treated with a lot of confidentiality. No names or any other information that can be used for identification will appear on any of the materials that will be used during the interview. Each respondent will be given an identification number that will be used in all interview materials.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on Survey and Interview Methods in Social Sciences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tape recorders will also be used to record the information. They will however be destroyed after they have been transcribed and analyzed to ensure that nobody else apart from the researcher accesses the information in them. The information from the interviews will be emailed to the organizations in Auburn from where they will be used for research purposes only (Creswell 2003 and Ragin 2005). Advantages of Surveys Survey as a method of collecting research information has many advantages. It, for example, saves a lot of time and money conducting the research since only a few samples is studied. They are also easy to deal with. Moreover, they are free from many errors since they are the same all through. According to Holliday (2000), however, there are also difficulties experienced in administering surveys or disadvantages. They include the information given by respondents may not be accurate or truthful. In most cases, the respondents’ sincerity, ability to answer plays an important role in determining the type of answers that a researcher gets. Some of the respondents may give answers that are not true to portray themselves in a favorable manner thus making them inaccurate. Poorly constructed surveys can lead to faulty results. In close-ended questionnaires, the choices given may not be an accurate representation of the true feelings of the respondent. The initial study design does not change throughout the entire study thus making surveys inflexible and for the results to be reliable, the researcher must make sure that a great percentage of the study sample responds to the questions, which is quite hard (Holliday 2007). Biasness Use of interview may bring about statistical bias. This is because some people may not use trains. In addition, some may have their own cars, use private means to get home or to work. This means I will miss a huge chunk of the target population. It is important to reduce the chance of bias in any research to ensure probity and to sustain the confidence interval chosen. Other Methods As mentioned earlier, sam pling survey and interviews are the best ways to conduct a research in the situation we have here. However, many other methods can come in handy. This includes Observation– the researcher just looks and makes individual collections of what is happening. This is just ideal for a situation where personal information may not be necessary.Advertising Looking for thesis on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Generalizing- in the case a researcher just makes random conclusions about the population without carrying out a study. This is suicidal because it may arrive at an untested hypothesis. Secondary Information– the researcher may opt to rely on information already available to him in the previous similar studies done. This is not a good source of information because the circumstances may have been different from what we have now, which may render our information unusable. Systematic learning and observation is another way of arriving at considerable data. This way the researcher examines trends and behaviors of the target population with a view at getting and analyzing data. Reference List Creswell, J. (2003) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approach. Journal of Management, Vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 8-10. Hay, I. (2010) Qualitative Research Methods in Human Geography. London: Oxford University Press. Holliday, A. (2007) Doing and Writing Qualitative Research . Journal of Geography, Vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 14-16. Ragin, C. (2005) Constructing Social Research: The Unity and Diversity. Bulletin of Sociological Methodologies, Vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 4-5. This thesis on Survey and Interview Methods in Social Sciences was written and submitted by user Lillianna Suarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hip hop music free essay sample

Hip hop to me is a mixture of both RB and rap music. There are times when I maybe in the mood to listen to rap or rb but Im always in the mood to listen to Hip hop. My worst days can become my best days when Im lamming to hip hop music. Theres Just something about that particular style of music that makes me and keeps me happy no matter what is going on. It also supplies me with energy and motivation. Hip hop music makes my daily life easier and Is In fact my favorite style of music.How does hip hop music make me happy? Well lets Just say when Im listening to this style of music I feel no pain. When Im listening to hip hop music the worst things can be going on In my life and It helps me to Ignore what I can. We will write a custom essay sample on Hip hop music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, Break ups are one of the worst things to go through. Your emotions normally takes over you and can cause you to break down. When I face such types of emotional catastrophes, hip hop music is what I turn to. Its Like my drug. Is what my mom says.HIP hop USIA can make you rock, bob your head, even dance without you noticing yourself. Therefore giving others the impression that youre just as happy as can be without even realizing you may be having the worst day ever. When going to the gym, cleaning or doing anything that may take up a lot of my time, my hip hop playbill has to be with me. Doing any of these activities can be time consuming and can easily cause me to become tired.

A Reading List of 19th Century Novels

A Reading List of 19th Century Novels The novels of the 19th century remain some of the most taught literary works of any period. They not only continue to influence the canon but also cinema and popular culture. Get better acquainted with these groundbreaking works with this reading list, categorized by author. The most popular authors from the eraJane Austen, Charles Dickens and Nathaniel Hawthorneappear on this list in alphabetical order. Alcott, Louisa May Little Women Austen, Jane EmmaMansfield ParkPersuasionPride and Prejudice Blackmore, Richard Doddridge Lorna Doone Braddon, Mary Elizabeth Lady Audley’s Secret Bronte, Charlotte Jane EyreVillette Bronte, Emily Wuthering Heights Burnett, Frances Hodgson The Secret Garden Butler, Samuel Erewhon Carlyle, Thomas Sartor Resartus Carroll, Lewis Alice in WonderlandThrough the Looking Glass Collins, Wilkie ArmadaleNo NameThe MoonstoneThe Woman in White Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan Rodney StoneA Study in Scarlet Conrad, Joseph Heart of DarknessLord Jim Cooper, James Fenimore The Last of the MohicansThe Prairie Crane, Stephen Red Badge of Courage Dickens, Charles Bleak HouseDavid CopperfieldDombey Son DGreat ExpectationsHard TimesLittle DorrittMystery Of Edwin DroodNicholas NicklebyThe Old Curiosity ShopOliver TwistPickwick PapersTale of Two Cities Disraeli, Benjamin Sybil, or The Two Nations Dostoevski, Fedor Brothers KaramazovCrime and PunishmentThe Idiot Dreiser, Theodore Sister Carrie Dumas, Alexandre The Count of Monte CristoThree Musketeers Eliot, George Adam BedeDaniel DerondaMiddlemarchMill on the FlossSilas Marner Flaubert, Gustave Madame BovaryA Sentimental Education Gaskell, Elizabeth CranfordWives and Daughters Gissing, George New Grub Street Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Von Elective Affinities Gogol, Nikolai Dead Souls Hardy, Thomas Far from the Madding CrowdJude the ObscureThe Mayor of CasterbridgeThe Return of the NativeTess of the d’UrbervillesThe WoodlandersUnder the Greenwood Tree Hawthorne, Nathaniel Blithedale RomanceScarlet Letter Hugo, Victor Les MiserablesThe Hunchback of Notre-Dame de Paris James, Henry The AmericanThe BostoniansDaisy MillerThe EuropeansPortrait of a LadyWashington Square Le Fanu, Sheridan Uncle Silas MacDonald, George LilithPhantastes Melville, Herman Moby DickRedburnTypee Meredith, George Diana of the CrosswaysThe Egoist Norris, Frank McTeague Oliphant, Margaret The Perpetual CurateSalem Chapel Scott, Sir Walter The AntiquaryThe Heart of Mid-LothianIvanhoe Sewall, Anna Black Beauty Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft Frankenstein Stevenson, Robert L Catriona (aka David Balfour)KidnappedThe Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr HydeTreasure Island Stoker, Bram Dracula Stowe, Harriet Beecher Uncle Tom’s Cabin Thackeray, William M Barry LyndonThe History of Henry EsmondThe NewcomesVanity Fair Tolstoy, Leo Anna KareninaResurrectionThe Forged CouponWar and Peace Trollope, Anthony Ayalas AngelFramley ParsonageBarchester TowersJohn CaldigateThe Last Chronicle of BarsetMarion FayPhineas FinnThe Prime MinisterThe WardenThe Way We Live Now Turgenev, Ivan Fathers and Children Twain, Mark The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnAdventures of Tom SawyerPersonal Recollections of Joan of Arc Verne, Jules Around the World in 80 DaysJourney to the Center of the Earth20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Wells, HG Invisible ManIsland of Dr MoreauThe Time MachineWar of the Worlds Wilde, Oscar Picture of Dorian Gray Zola, Emile L’AssommoirTherese Raquin

How to Split Strings in Ruby

How to Split Strings in Ruby Unless user input is a single word or number, that input will need to be split  or turned into a list of strings or numbers. For instance, if a program asks for your full name, including middle initial, it will first need to split that input into three separate strings before it can work with your individual first, middle and last name. This is achieved using the String#split method. How String#split Works In its most basic form, String#split takes a single argument: the field delimiter as a string. This delimiter will be removed from the output and an array of strings split on the delimiter will be returned. So, in the following example, assuming the user input their name correctly, you should receive a three-element Array from the split. #!/usr/bin/env rubyprint What is your full name? full_name gets.chompname full_name.split( )puts Your first name is #{name.first}puts Your last name is #{name.last} If we run this program and enter a name, well get some expected results. Also, note that name.first and name.last are coincidences. The name variable will be an Array, and those two method calls will be equivalent to name[0] and name[-1] respectively. $ ruby split.rbWhat is your full name? Michael C. MorinYour first name is MichaelYour last name is Morin However,  String#split is a bit smarter than youd think. If the argument to String#split is a string, it does indeed use that as the delimiter, but if the argument is a string with a single space (as we used), then it infers that you want to split on any amount of whitespace  and that you also want to remove any leading whitespace. So, if we were to give it some slightly malformed input such as Michael C. Morin (with extra spaces), then String#split would still do what is expected. However, thats the only special case when you pass a String as the first argument. Regular Expression Delimiters You can also pass a regular expression as the first argument. Here, String#split becomes a bit more flexible. We can also make our little name splitting code a bit smarter. We dont want the period at the end of the middle initial. We know its a middle initial, and the database wont want a period there, so we can remove it while we split. When String#split matches a regular expression, it does the same exact thing as if it had just matched a string delimiter: it takes it out of the output and splits it at that point. So, we can evolve our example a little bit: $ cat split.rb#!/usr/bin/env rubyprint What is your full name? full_name gets.chompname full_name.split(/\.?\s/)puts Your first name is #{name.first}puts Your middle initial is #{name[1]}puts Your last name is #{name.last} Default Record Separator Ruby is not really big on special variables that you might find in languages like Perl, but String#split does use one you need to be aware of. This is the default record separator variable, also known as $;. Its a global, something you dont often see in Ruby, so if you change it, it might affect other parts of the code- just be sure to change it back when finished. However, all this variable does is act as the default value for the first argument to String#split. By default, this variable seems to be set to nil. However, if String#splits first argument is nil, it will replace it with a single space string. Zero-Length Delimiters If the delimiter passed to String#split is a zero-length string or regular expression, then String#split will act a bit differently. It will remove nothing at all from the original string and split on every character. This essentially turns the string into an array of equal length containing only one-character strings, one for each character in the string. This can be useful for iterating over the string and was used in pre-1.9.x and pre-1.8.7 (which backported a number of features from 1.9.x) to iterate over characters in a string without worrying about breaking up multi-byte Unicode characters. However, if what you really want to do is iterate over a string, and youre using 1.8.7 or 1.9.x, you should probably use String#each_char instead. #!/usr/bin/env rubystr She turned me into a newt!str.split().each do|c| puts cend Limiting The Length of the Returned Array So back to our name parsing example, what if someone has a space in their last name? For instance, Dutch surnames can often begin with van (meaning of or from). We only really want a 3-element array, so we can use the second argument to String#split that we have so far ignored. The second argument is expected to be a Fixnum. If this argument is positive, at most, that many elements will be filled in the array. So in our case, we would want to pass 3 for this argument. #!/usr/bin/env rubyprint What is your full name? full_name gets.chompname full_name.split(/\.?\s/, 3)puts Your first name is #{name.first}puts Your middle initial is #{name[1]}puts Your last name is #{name.last} If we run this again and give it a Dutch name, it will act as expected. $ ruby split.rbWhat is your full name? Vincent Willem van GoghYour first name is VincentYour middle initial is WillemYour last name is van Gogh However, if this argument is negative (any negative number), then there will be no limit on the number of elements in the output array and any trailing delimiters will appear as zero-length strings at the end of the array. This is demonstrated in this IRB snippet: :001 this,is,a,test,,,,.split(,, -1) [this, is, a, test, , , , ]